tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72863888361039062722024-03-13T17:40:17.837-07:00SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYTHE BEST IAS ACADEMY IN SOUTHINDIA FOR GEOGRAPHY AND GENERAL STUDIESSHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.comBlogger37125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-29738310686122271302017-09-27T23:22:00.000-07:002017-09-27T23:22:08.038-07:00Role Of CAG, Creation And Economic, CEPA With South Korea - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Upgrading The CEPA With South Korea</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><br /></span></strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Why in news?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India has decided to upgrade its existing trade pact with South Korea.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The domestic industry has flagged concerns over the agreement.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is CEPA?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement - CEPA, was a trade deal signed between <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/upgrading-the-cepa-with-south-korea">India & South Korea in 2009</a>.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The CEPA has increased bilateral trade volumes by over 50%.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Many Korean companies have penetrated deep into the Indian consumer goods market and have directly benefitted from CEPA.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Recently in a review meeting, both countries have decided to upgrade the CEPA at the earliest – possibly by 2018.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This has angering domestic exporters, who claim the pact has disproportionately helped Korean exporters.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the concerns about CEPA?</span></strong></span></span></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Trade Deficit –</strong> India’s trade defict with South Korea is continuously worsening with time.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While India imported $12.58 billion worth of goods from South Korea in 2016-17, its exports totalled only $4.24 billion.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Misuse -</strong> The Duty free import facility for gold from South Korea was found to be misused by round tripping.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Recently, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade – DGFT, had to withdraw the zero-duty import facility to plug the same.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the way ahead?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">A focus on enhancing market access and strengthening the rules of origin will be the key for India to improve its exports.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Underlined the importance of pushing trade in services as a prime mover of global growth will also benefit India’s cause.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Caution needs to be exercised for broadening the terms of the deal as most of our existing bilateral trade engagements have faultered.</span></span></li>
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Job Creation And Economic Reforms</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/job-creation-and-economic-reforms">Job creation rates</a> have been dismal for years now. </span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The government has been espousing the need for a new industrial policy to address the flaws of current liberal economic structure. </span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">How are economies engineered?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Concept -</strong> The process of industrialisation is one of acquiring capabilities to produce more complex products that before.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Workers learn newer advanced skills and policymakers work to create conditions conducive for the advancement of industries.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While, a competitive world enhances growth, policymakers should ‘nurture’ necent domestic sectors by following protectionism until they are strong enough for more open competition.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Indian Context -</strong> Until the 1980s, the Government closely managed the flow of investments into selected industrial sectors to nurture their development.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">From the early 1990s onwards, the Washington Consensus model of liberal markets has been dominating both Indian & global economic policies.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">After the 2008 slowdown, it is now felt that the present pattern of economic growth is not producing sufficient jobs – calling for structural reforms in the economy.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">How has the Indian industrial sector fared?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Free market approach was embraced with the expectation that market forces would accelerate growth.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">But, India’s manufacturing sector, which should’ve been a principal driver for job creation & growth didn’t meet expectations.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While the services sector grew, overall job growth hadn’t keep pace with population growth.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India’s capacity to produce capital goods was as strong as China’s in 1991 because of compulsions due to foreign exchange shortages.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">But by 2009, Chinese capital goods production capacity was about 50 times as large as India’s.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the other issues hindering job creation?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Skilling policy -</strong> The skills people need are the ones that industry demands and hence large scale coordination is required. </span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">So, dedicated ministries for promoting programs for skilling like in India are bound to fail.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Effects -</strong> This approach has resulted in the mismatch between the output of the skilling programmes and requirements of industry.</span></span></li>
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<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While, less than 20% of the millions trained by the government’s skilling missions have been able to find suitable jobs, enterprises complain that they don’t have people with the requisite skills.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Therefore, policies for developing skills must mesh with policies to stimulate growth of enterprises.</span></span></li>
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Role Of CAG</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/role-of-cag">Corruption Perception Index</a> released by Transparency International ranks India at a lowly 79 out of 176 countries.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">As much of this corruption is linked to public funds, it calls for a relook at the role of the CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General).</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the reality?</span></strong></span></span></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India spends about 30% of its GDP on public procurement and hence the quantum of corruption associated with this is proportionately high.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Estimates reveal that 20-30% of the investments in public construction projects are lost to corruption.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">In addition, the huge sum of leakages in government revenues worsens the financial picture.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The office of CAG was created as an independent status and authority to work against these financial misconducts in public office.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, CAG is seen to be functioning short of its objective.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the drawbacks in this regard?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">CAG, over the years, has functioned as a routine auditor and has failed to proactively expand its role to meet the emerging challenges.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Control</strong> - Though CAG reports are discussed by the public accounts committees of the respective legislatures, no one evaluates or questions what the CAG does.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">As a result, its functions are largely confined to itself and is not known to meet with experts, professionals or institutions.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">There is no Constitutional authority, including the judiciary, which is so secluded and unapproachable as the CAG is.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Precedence</strong> - It does not disseminate its policies or practices for the benefit of public servants and the general public.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The audit reports of CAG are short of issuing any guidelines, best practices or advisories that would restrict malpractices and set a precedent.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Post-Mortem</strong> - CAG could well be called the “Post-Mortem Authority of India as it looks primarily at what is demised.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Carrying on concurrent audit which is legally permissible could be a preventive and curative measure to at least restrict financial ineffectiveness.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Scams have been occurring with increasing frequency, but the CAG is able to expose only a few and that too with minimal consequences.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Ex: There are enormous cost overruns in public projects due to poor contract design coupled with corrupt practices.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Limitation</strong> - The growing interventions of the CAG, CBI, CVC and the unpredictability with their actions, at times result in bureaucrats preferring to avoid decision-making.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">CAG reports is recent years seem to be going into sensationalism. Ex: the excessive numbers, of anticipated loss, put out by the CAG in the telecom spectrum and coal mine scams.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This seems to be distracting the CAG from an objective and judicious examination of matters with the requisite expertise and diligence.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is desired?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">When the government is taking initiatives to curb corruption, black money, etc it is essential that public institutions like the CAG function for its purpose.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">A reassessment of the role and responsibilities of the CAG towards this end is the need of the hour for India to fare better in global transparency indicators.</span></span></li>
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #3e3f3c; font-family: lora, serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: left;">Author : <a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/" style="background: transparent; color: #970101; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Shankar IAS Academy, Chennai</a>.</b></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.204870000000028-12.439460500000001 38.896276000000029 38.6046085 121.51346400000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-9495845167020447582017-09-26T03:38:00.000-07:002017-09-27T03:43:01.262-07:00Generalist Vs Specialist, Social Business - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="head-left" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 640px; text-transform: capitalize; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
Listing Of NHAI</h2>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Why in news?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/listing-of-nhai">Union ministry of Road transport </a>is planning for initial public offering or IPO of National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is an IPO?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">An initial public offering, or IPO, is the very first sale of stock issued by a company to the public.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Until a company’s stock is offered for sale to the public, the public is unable to invest in it.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Prior to an IPO the NHAI has shareholders made up primarily of early investors i.e. government itself or its authorised firms.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">By now any individual or institutional investor who wasn’t involved in the early days of the NHAI’s capital, can buy the shares.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the need for such proposal?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Roadways ministry has long argued that there is “no shortage” of money but due to changing economic trends, it came up with the plan of IPO.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Due to bad debts and NPAs the government is not so confident in investing on infrastructure projects.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Banks are taking too long to approve the financial closure of highway projects, sometimes taking as much as an entire year.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the positive outcomes of this?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Revenue escalation - </span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This would open up an additional source of revenue, which the authority could use to finance projects under the engineering-procurement-construction (or EPC) financing structure.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Boosts accountability -</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> Listing NHAI inevitably leads to pressures towards increasing transparency in its operation, and being accountable to the public.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Eliminates corruption-</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It has become increasingly clear that the NHAI could benefit from such transparency, and will lead to eliminating corruption.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Promotes Reputation - </span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Due to series of allegations the roads sector does not have a healthy reputation overall, listing the NHAI would take an important step in that direction.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Performance upgrade -</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> There is a huge gap between actual achievementsof road building from the target of 40Kms/day, this IPO plan will resolve the issue.</span></span></li>
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<h2 class="head-left" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 640px; text-align: start; text-transform: capitalize; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
Social Business – Redesigning Our Economies</h2>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/social-business-redesigning-our-economies">Grameen Bank in Bangladesh</a> made capital available to the poor - especially women.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Its micro-credit program enabled millions to lift themselves out of dire poverty.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Its work also exposed the shortcomings of our traditional banking systems thereby flaggin the need for large scale systemic reforms.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the flaws in our economic system?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Crux -</strong> Our reactions to poverty, unemployment and environmental destruction have been largely muted thus far.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">These are either perceived as natural calamities completely out of human control or as unavoidable costs of economic growth.</span></span></li>
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<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Profit Maximisation -</strong> The central problem with the current form of capitalism is that it prioritises pursuit of individual profit.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">As a result, only businesses designed around this goal are recognised and supported.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Greater Aspirations -</strong> Goals like the elimination of poverty & unemployment are currently being neglected.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">These can be corrected if we replace the existing with a new system that more accurately reflects human nature, needs and desires.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Social business models are a beginning in this regard.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is social business?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Freedom from profit pressures is primary to any social business.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It is different from charity as it is designed to generate revenues and thereby become self-sustaining.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It therefore does not need to constantly attract new streams of donor funding to stay afloat - which drains the time and energy of so many in the non-profit arena.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Social business offers advantages that are available neither to profit-maximising companies nor to traditional charities.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The simple economics and sustainablility of social business is already being illustrated by successful experiments worldover.</span></span></li>
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Generalist Vs Specialist</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The debate on <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/generalist-vs-specialist">generalists and specialists</a> is kick-started with rising demands for lateral entry into civil services.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Also, the changing nature of government creates the need for a reassessment of the nature of civil servants involved in administration.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the need for specialisation?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Changing nature</strong> - The Indian Administrative Service(IAS) was modelled on the colonial era Indian Civil Service as a generalist service.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It was conceived primarily to deliver the core functions of the state such as tax collection and maintenance of law and order.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">But with the evolution of public administration and economic reforms changing the State's role, there is a higher demand for domain knowledge at policy level.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Drawbacks</strong> - IAS, as generalists, tend to over-weigh their experience of the process and form over understanding of policy content.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Generalists heading specialised areas seems to be an inefficient arrangement at times.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">There is also a misconception that only generalists who have a breadth of understanding and experience can provide best leadership.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">All these have raised questions about the role and relevance of the generalised IAS.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What could be done?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Constitution Review Commission 2002 suggested the “need to specialise some of the generalists and generalise some of the specialists”.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However the task of managing specialisation needs the consideration of many factors:</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">When</strong> - From generalised field postings in the initial decade of service, an IAS gradually moves to policy formulating positions.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This mid-career level transition provides the ideal marker for beginning to specialise.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">How</strong> - Possibly, complying to the demands of behavioural attributes and aptitudes, ministries could be broadly categorised into three groups - welfare, regulatory and economic ministries.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Secondly, specialisation process needs to be flexible according to the preference of IAS officers.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Given this flexibility, it is also essential that the government make the process more predictable and transparent to avoid favouritism.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Thirdly, once allocated to specialist positions, officers should be provided study and training for deepening their domain knowledge.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">In addition to these, the specialised lateral entrants should be required to “generalise” through field postings.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The nature of policy-making at present demands that specialist <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">expertise</strong> has to go with generalist <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">experience</strong>.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Thus, proper cadre management that provides for a right proportion of generalisation and specialisation can improve the efficiency and relevance of civil services.</span></span></li>
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #3e3f3c; font-family: lora, serif; font-size: 20px;">Author : <a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/" style="background: transparent; color: #970101; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Shankar IAS Academy, Chennai</a>.</b></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.2048700000000289.2146575 75.041296000000031 16.9504905 85.368444000000025tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-56211625268445115132017-09-25T03:29:00.000-07:002017-09-27T03:32:29.932-07:00India’s Afghanistan Strategy & Aadhaar – Mobile Linkage - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Aadhaar – Mobile Linkage</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Why in news?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Supreme Court recently declared that privacy is a fundamental right.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">But most telecom operators continue to pressure their users for mandatory <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/aadhaar-mobile-linkage">Aadhar linkage</a> - thereby violating individual privacy.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the linking process?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Re-verification requires a user to visit a telecom service centre and undergo a biometric (fingerprint) authentication.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The fingerprints are then matched with the Aadhaar database to establish authenticity.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The messages and calls for Aadhaar linking have only increased in frequency with time.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Some operators have even issues threats of disconnection if linkage doesn’t happen with a specified time.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the legal issues?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Framework -</strong> The Centre is the custodian of the airwaves.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It issues licences to private companies for providing mobile voice and data services.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Telecom operators are governed by regulations by the Department of Telecommunications (DOT).</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This includes clauses for subscriber verification.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Aadhaar Issue -</strong> A series of circulars issued by the DOT from March 2017 onwards.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">These directed the telecom operators to re-verify their existing subscribers through Aadhaar authentication by February 2018.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Court orders –</strong> Courts have limited the Aadhaar programme to a voluntary program restricted to specific services.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The government instead is pushing for its use in mandatory re-verification.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Even when viewed independent of court orders, the DOT circulars stands no grounding in law.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What lies ahead?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Irrespective of legality, the aggressive push for Aadhaar linking continues to instil fear in people that their mobile phone connections will be disconnected.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This is especially problematic, as the Supreme Court has indicated that the pending Aadhaar litigations will be heard in November.</span></span></li>
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<h2 class="head-left" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 640px; text-align: start; text-transform: capitalize; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
India’s Afghanistan Strategy</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Why in news?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The government has plans to train <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/indias-afghanistan-strategy">Afghani police officers in India</a>.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This expanded security assistance to Kabul also sends a strong geopolitical message to various stakeholders.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is Afghanistan’s position?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The country saw the highest civilian casualties last year since the 2001 U.S.-led invasion.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Increasingly, these casualties are coming not from Afghanistan’s border areas but its cities and villages.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Only a professionally trained police force can maintain peace in such situations.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India has also announced 116 smaller “new development projects” across Afghanistan.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Hence, a Police force with strong fundamentals also becomes mandatory for protecting such projects in irrigation, housing and schools from the terror groups.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What geo-political message does India convey? </span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">For Afghan -</strong> India plans to expand its security assistance to Afghanistan by training police officers, as part of a UNDP project.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This indicates a continued commitment for Afghan’s security & stability by active capacity building.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">For Pakistan</strong> - and other countries in the region that deal with the Taliban, India’s action conveys that it will not be deterred.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This is reinforced by New Delhi’s decision to send engineers to refurbish several non-functional Soviet-era planes and to repair the helicopters that India donated to Afghanistan last year.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">For U.S -</strong> and its NATO allies, India makes it clear that will play a part in putting Afghanistan back on its feet in its own way.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What message does Trade convey?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The decision to enhance security training comes on the heels of an India-Afghanistan trade fair in Delhi. </span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Regardless of actual transactions made, it will demonstrate a determination in exploring business possibilities.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Overcoming transit obstacles posed by Pakistan will be discussed.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The India-Afghan-Iran trilateral arrangement to circumvent geographical hurdles and the commitment to complete the ‘Chabahar port’ development project soon is another reassurance.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">A sustainable trade route from South Asia to Central Asia is therefore clearly in the making.</span></span></li>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.204870000000028-40.567443499999996 -2.4123174999999719 66.7325915 162.82205750000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-12938565513564718092017-09-22T05:44:00.000-07:002017-09-26T05:47:14.166-07:00NEET, Further Rate Cut. Private Hospitals - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="head-left" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 640px; text-transform: capitalize; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
Addressing The Concerns With NEET</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/addressing-the-concerns-with-neet">National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET)</a> is distressing rural students with medical aspirations, the test needs a reform. </span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the basis of NEET?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">NEET is based on a core curriculum approach, whereby the syllabi of all the school boards have been taken into consideration.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It has been prepared by the CBSE, Council of Boards of School Education,National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) and adopted by the Medical Council of India.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the issues with Indian education system?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India doesn’t have a common core curriculum, there are 50 different boards.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">There are wide variations with regard to curriculum design, curriculum transaction and curriculum evaluation among these boards.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">No significant efforts had been taken so far to bring some sort of uniformity in these curriculums.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Only few state boards have prepared their content in tune with the curriculum of national boards, particularly in science subjects, but many of them have not fallen in line.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the issues with NEET?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">There are allegations that NEET is infringing upon the state governments’ power to hold admissions in the medical colleges funded by them. </span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Students from some of the state boards are at a disadvantage from progressive boards.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Students in rural India and those studying in state government-run schools seem to have a lesser chance of success.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">These examinations do not test the attitude and aptitude of the students correctly.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">There is more concentration of students from national boards clearing the exam.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">At present a candidate can claim domicile in more than one state, which makes the admission process lengthy and allows scope for malpractices.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What can be done?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It is the best “coached”, not the best “talent”, who cracks such a type of exam, Central and state governments must provide best in class coaching for such exams.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Typology of the questions and design of the question paper must be changed to improve the situation.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Upper age limit may be fixed to ensure the quality of future doctors.</span></span></li>
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<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Uniform domicile rule needs to be adopted so that candidate must claim seat only in his/her state, this will maintain state autonomy.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Vacant seats can be filled later through a central counselling such that all the candidates are allotted seats as per their merit.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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Scope For Further Rate Cut</h2>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Union government is expecting for a further <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/scope-for-further-rate-cut">rate cut from RBI</a></span></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the status of Indian economy?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The basis of inflation remaining under 4 per cent in the medium term.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Retail inflation rose to a five-month high of 3.36 per cent due to costlier vegetables and fruits.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The consumer price index (CPI) based inflation was 2.36 per cent.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Gross domestic product (GDP) growth for the April-June quarter fell to 5.7 per cent from 7.9 per cent.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This is the lowest since 2014, India has now lagged China in growth for the second consecutive quarter.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The economic slowdown is due to demonetization and destocking by companies before the goods and services tax (GST) roll-out.</span></span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are significant rate cut moves by RBI?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The RBI reduced the repo rate by 0.25 per cent to 6 per cent in August, citing reduction in inflation risks.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The rate cut was the first in 10 months and brought policy rates to a near 7-year low.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">RBI maintained a “neutral” outlook, citing uncertainties in inflation trajectory,there is scope for monetary easing because of inflation projections.</span></span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the need for further rate cut?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">There is a demand for reviving the economy, boosting exports, spurring investments, and creating jobs for the millions entering the workforce.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">But there is a slowdown in the manufacturing sector is due to various reasons.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Manufacturing sector is seriously affected due to appreciation of currency, lower interest rates needed to boost manufacturing.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Till the impact of demonetisation and GST wearing off RBI and central government need to make decisions in favour of manufacturing sector.</span></span></span></li>
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<h2 class="head-left" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 640px; text-align: start; text-transform: capitalize; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
Regulating Private Hospitals</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Why in news?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India's drug pricing authority, National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA), has stressed the need for better regulation of the country's massive <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/regulating-private-hospitals">private healthcare industry</a>.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the need?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Pricing</strong> - NPPA has made significant reduction in prices of knee implants and cardiac stents in the recent months.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This is to cut the cost of procedures such as angioplasty and knee surgery and make it more affordable.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, several hospitals have hiked prices of related services which are an essential part of such surgeries like doctors' fees and hospital stay costs.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This is done primarily to make up for the cost of price caps imposed by NPPA, defeating the very purpose of the price control measures. </span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Healthcare</strong> - India spends roughly 1% of its GDP on healthcare which is among the lowest in the world.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This has resulted in a broken public healthcare system that few trust and nearly 70% of healthcare delivery being in the hands of private players.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">On the other hand, the efforts to make healthcare accessible and affordable are hampered by the tactics of unregulated private hospitals.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What should be done?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The regulator thus calls for a better oversight of private hospitals as there is no legal framework at present to regulate hospital charges.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Private hospitals should be regulated to make the billing process more transparent.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The health ministry could also look at standardising the cost of certain treatments, so that the prices don't vary across hospitals.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Instead of privatisation of healthcare services, which even NITI Aayog has suggested, improvements in the public health infrastructure could prove to be more inclusive.</span></span></li>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0Plot No No. 15, 1837, 20th Main Rd, Anna Nagar West, Thangam Colony, Anna Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.0945981 80.203919600000063-12.4274364 38.895325600000064 38.6166326 121.51251360000006tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-71113318113051189272017-09-21T05:47:00.000-07:002017-09-25T05:49:28.526-07:00Disqualification Of MLAs - II & Viability Of Bullet Train - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Disqualification Of MLAs - II</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The recent disqualification of <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/disqualification-of-mlas-ii">18 MLAs in Tamil Nadu</a> by the Speaker brings to the fore certain constitutional questions on the role of the Governor and the Speaker.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the contentious issues?</span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Governor</strong> - The Governor in this case is showing reluctance to order a floor test, despite a request from the opposition party.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">A Constitution Bench has earlier observed that the activities within a political party, as to any turbulence or unrest, were beyond the concern of the Governor.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Governor can intervene only when a breakaway group constitutes two-thirds of a party, as stipulated in the Tenth Schedule.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, notably the Bench adds that the Governor should take action during a constitutional crisis i.e. when the government is seen to have lost the confidence of or majority in the House.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Thus the court bars Governors only from political embroilment and not restrict their constitutional duty and responsibility.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Court</strong> - On petitions challenging the Speaker's order of disqualifying the MLAs, the court had extended a stay on conducting the floor test.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Instead, a stay on the disqualification would have addressed the fears of those disqualified as well as obviated the need for the questionable stay on the floor test to be extended.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The court could have then adjudicated only the constitutional question on whether the Governor ought to be directed to order a trust vote.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Speaker</strong> - The main question in Speaker's order is that would expressing lack of confidence in the Chief Minister amount to voluntarily giving up the party membership.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Disqualifying rebellious MLAs as a way of ensuring the majority of a Chief Minister is highly questionable and needs scrutiny.</span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What should be done?</span></strong></span></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The constitution holds floor test as a significant means to ascertaining the confidence and majority of the elected government.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The partisan element in anti-defection law and the adjudicatory power of the Speaker seem to be defeating this purpose.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This creates the need for transferring the power to an independent body such as the Election Commission.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Also, the Speaker's role should be reassessed and a law should be put in place to prevent manipulation while conducting a floor test.</span></li>
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<h2 class="head-left" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 640px; text-transform: capitalize; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
Viability Of Bullet Train Project</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India is planning its <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/viability-of-bullet-train-project">first high-speed railway</a>.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Some see the project as a non profitable extravaganze. </span></span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the project about?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India is considering establishing a high-speed train corridor between Ahmedabad and Mumbai based on the Japanese Shinkansen technology.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The project will be funded and executed by Japan.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Japanese are providing a 50-year loan of Rs 88,000 crore of the total project cost of Rs 1,10,000 crore.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The rest will come from the central government and state governments of Gujarat and Maharashtra.</span></span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the financial viability?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">A project viability report was done, but the details haven’t been shared with the public.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Projections have shown that the train service will need to carry nearly 1 lakh passengers a day to keep fares at a reasonable levels.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The current traffic is only about 18,000 per day.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This means that either fare will have to be raised well above air fares, or that the system will have to be subsidised perpetually.</span></span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Has Japanese funding been really generous?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Japan’s loan is claimed to be “virtually interest-free”.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While the interest rate of 0.10% being offered to India sounds great, according to a financial analyst, the average Indian inflation at 3%, and Japanese at 0% has serious implications.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The rupee will hence depreciate 3% every year vis-a-vis the yen.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">So over 50 years, the sum to be repaid will be well over twice of Rs 88,000 crore.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This will be a huge burden on future generations. .</span></span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Is this advantageous for our passenger needs?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">95% of rail users in India do not use even the present fast trains like Shatabdi as they find the fares to be costly.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">So, the bullet trains can address only a small population that already has the option of air travel.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The cost of the Mumbai-Ahmedabad bullet train project is almost as much as the entire annual rail budget which stood at Rs 1,21,000 crore last year. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Indian railway system, with over 13,000 trains running every day, carries more than 8 billion passengers per year plus 1,000 million tonnes of freight over the whole country.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">A big bang bullet for the few or a large, improved and safer system for all is the choice that we need to make, as finances are limited.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3e3e3e; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Notably, there is no mention of transfer of technology anywhere in the agreement, which is the norm for big projects.</span></span></span></li>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0No-2/23, 3rd Cross Street, Padmanabhanagar, Opposite to Sishya School, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600020, India13.0050987 80.25880630000006-17.2358338 38.950212300000061 43.2460312 121.56740030000006tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-24983427466597390192017-09-20T05:40:00.000-07:002017-09-25T05:42:20.124-07:00Tata’s Hard Choice & Challenges Cross Border Data - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Tata’s Hard Choice</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/tatas-hard-choice">Tata Steel’s</a> recent merger is a proof of hard commercial considerations in overseas acquisitions.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the merger about?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Tata Steel had announced its tentative plans to merge their European steel operations in a 50:50 joint venture.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Tata Steel and Germany’s ThyssenKrupp AG have planned for this merger.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This merger will emerge as the second largest steel producer in the high value-added European market.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">These companies clarified that this merger is driven more by “industrial and strategic logic” than the need for financial engineering or job cuts.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the need for the merger?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This merger is more about reducing exposure to the barely-growing and over-supplied European market.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Tata Steel is keen to free up the capital from its overseas plants in order to double its Indian capacity.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Global operations have become a millstone around Tata Steel’s neck.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">ThyssenKrupp has been progressively shedding its commodity businesses to focus on high-margin capital goods.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This merger seems to be an intermediary step to a complete exit.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the challenges in this merger?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The merger may have a rough passage with external stakeholders.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The labour unions and the governments of UK and Germany are already looking to ring-fence their interests.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Financial considerations are at play in this merger, with both partners looking to de-leverage their balance sheets.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Chinese export threat is continuing to loom large.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It is unclear that how this joint venture would pay off without pricing sacrifices, cost and job cuts.</span></span></li>
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<h2 class="head-left" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 640px; text-transform: capitalize; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
Challenges With Cross Border Data</h2>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">In the present digital era, the governance of <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/challenges-with-cross-border-data">cross-border data</a> is a major challenge for countries.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is cross border data?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The increased digitalization has made data an input to commerce, and made data of one nation to travel to another.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It is a simple fact that international trade involving consumers cannot take place without collecting and sending personal data across borders.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: black; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It makes industries streamline their business practices and increase efficiency.</span></span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the global dilemmas in addressing this?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Governance of cross-border data through trade agreements is a major challenge for countries, since it is difficult to regulate.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">There are differences among countries in outlooks and approaches to data security and its commercial use.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Many countries consider fundamental rights of citizens, including the right to privacy of data, superior to trade rights.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It is difficult to determine the ‘optimal’ level of data protection content in trade agreements that would simultaneously satisfy both protection and innovation.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the challenges for India?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India struggles to discover regulations that would facilitate its economic growth while ensuring data flow doesn’t affect citizens' privacy.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Creating effective domestic regulations is a big challenge.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The choice of the right policy mix is difficult as they may overlap with other complex trade issues such as IPR.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Foreign investments in Make-in-India industries would be influenced by data regulations.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Data regulations are also critical in terms of the security risks they involve, particularly financial risks arising from lapses in cyber security and data theft.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What can be done?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India must be prepared to accept that data regulations and digital trade rules, which it would negotiate in future.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India needs to move towards domestic regulations on digital trade, ensuring sufficient security of private data.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India’s domestic regulations on cross-border flow of data must also reflect contemporaneity.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Data rules and digital trade governance deserve much greater attention from India than it has got till now.</span></span></li>
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #3e3f3c; font-family: lora, serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: center;">Author : <a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/" style="background: transparent; color: #970101; cursor: pointer;">Shankar IAS Academy, Chennai</a>.</b></div>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.204870000000028-17.1583585 38.896276000000029 43.3235065 121.51346400000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-66226999443159505032017-09-19T02:23:00.001-07:002017-09-19T02:23:49.689-07:00Deal Shell Companies & Export Subsidy Issue - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 28px; text-transform: capitalize;">How To Deal Shell Companies</span></h4>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Why in news?</span></span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Recently <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/how-to-deal-shell-companies">union government</a> has initiated action against more than two lakh shell companies as part of Operation Clean Money.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is operation clean money?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Operation Clean Money was initiated by Income Tax Department (ITD).</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Initial phase of the operation involved-verification of large cash deposits made after demonetization.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Second phase of the operation involves is identification of high risk persons for detailed investigations by the ITD.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are shell companies?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Shell companies are typically corporate entities which do not have any active business operations or significant assets in their possession.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The government views them with suspicion as some of them could be used for money laundering, tax evasion and other illegal activities.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Some laws helpin curbing illegal activities to target shell companies are</span></span></li>
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<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Benami Transaction (Prohibition) Amendment Act 2016</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Prevention of Money Laundering Act 2002</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Companies Act, 2013.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">How can name of these companies be removed?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Companies can be removed from the rolls of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs by two means either by strike off by Registrar of Companies (RoC) or by voluntary strike off.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The strike off happens in case of companies which have failed to commence business within a year of incorporation.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Voluntary closure can be done with the approval of the board and shareholders and the firm should have nil liabilities.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the difference between dormant and shell companies?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">A dormant company gets its title in three ways</span></span></li>
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<ol style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">If it has chosen to get a ‘dormant’ status from the RoC by way of an application.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">If it is in compliance of the requirements of Section 455 of companies act 2013.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">In case a company has not filed financial statements or annual returns for two financial years consecutively, the RoC shall issue notice and include it in the register of ‘dormant’ companies.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">But a shell company is one which is typically suspected of illegal activities.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What actions can be taken against shell companies?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The RoC issues a show-cause notice to such companies and their directors seeking their response within 30 days.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">If the response is not satisfactory, the company’s name would be removed from the register.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Then companies have to make an application before the National Company Law Tribunal for restoration which the NCLT will decide on a case-to-case basis.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/export-subsidy-issue">Export Subsidy Issue</a></h2>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India's rising per capita income has created a problem for export subsidies.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the status India’s per capita income?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Income per capita is a measure of the amount of money earned per person in a certain area.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It can be calculated for a country by dividing the country's national income by its population.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India’s per capita income is above $1000 formally qualifying it as a middle income country.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">How India is responsible to WTO on this situation?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">According to WTO rules, now India is ineligible to provide direct export subsidies.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Under WTO, production-based subsidies such as technological up gradation, capacity building and infrastructure development are permissible.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Even for countries below the $1,000 per capita threshold, product-specific subsidies may be questioned if the export of the product concerned accounts for over 3.25% of the global exports for over two consecutive years.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">In that case, the country concerned will have to phase out subsidies over eight years.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It can be reasonably expected that India will be dragged to the WTO for its subsidies regime.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the issues with Indian actions in this regard?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India is recording consistent growth but centre failed to predict this issue.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Instead, the Centre announced the Merchandise Export from India Scheme, providing a flat export benefit across 5,000 tariff lines at a cost of over </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Rs.</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">22,000 crore.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Meanwhile, explicit export subsidy schemes such as duty drawback (reimbursement of import duty on inputs) continue.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What actions should India take?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India needs to plan according to the global trends and frame its policies.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The commerce and industries ministry should push for a new regime of support to exports, one that is based on improving ease of doing business.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Government needs to reach out exporters struggling with GST and resolve their concerns while telling them that direct subsidies cannot be continued.</span></span></li>
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<h3 style="text-align: center;">
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #3e3f3c; font-family: lora, serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: center;">Author : <a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/" style="background: transparent; color: #970101; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Shankar IAS Academy, Chennai</a>.</b></div>
SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.204870000000028-17.1583585 38.896276000000029 43.3235065 121.51346400000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-38537862141697134972017-09-18T02:44:00.000-07:002017-09-18T02:44:05.893-07:00Pharma Trade & India & Japan - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Challenges In Pharma Trade</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/challenges-in-pharma-trade">Indian pharmaceutical industry</a> is facing challenges in both domestic as well as in international markets.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the model of Indian Pharma industries?</span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India is the third largest supplier of the world’s requirement of medicine.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It capitalised on a strong domestic base in India through rapid product introductions, a kind regulatory and intellectual property system.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Indian pharma companies chose pockets in Africa, Asia and the Middle East as natural expansion outposts.</span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the challenges in Indian pharma trade?</span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Domestic-</strong>Indian patients are paying high prices for drugs, due to fragmentation of distribution channels.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The drug regulatory laws are not implemented in identical fashion across every state and city of the country.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">There are many ill-trained chemist all over the nation.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">International- </strong>US Supply channel consolidationhas led to 90 per cent of the buying power concentration in three big companies, hindering trade of Indian companies.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Food and Drug Administration along with increased scrutiny has been approving the backlog of drugs aggressively, leading to hyper-competition.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Buyers have tightened the screws and are increasingly vigilant about even legitimate price increases.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The combined effect has wiped out nearly 40 per cent of the core industry’s market cap, destruction of over Rs 5 lakh crore.</span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">How the challenges can be addressed?</span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The national regulator can engage to re-skill and train employees and hold them accountable to one common national standard.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Beyond the core generics drugs companies should invest in diversified portfolio such as vaccines, animal health.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Indian pharma industry should focus on capital allocation choices and capability building.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Three simple things innovation, calibrated diversification and consolidation must be carried out.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The industry needs to diversify the geography risk beyond the US and India, invest in innovation beyond traditional generics and acquire more global scale.</span></li>
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<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India does not need more than 500 companies to have a reasonably competitive market, remaining should merge and acquire global scale.</span></li>
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India & Japan - Agreements On The North-East</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Why in news?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">A memorandum of understanding to set up <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/india-japan-agreements-on-the-north-east">India Japan Act East Forum</a> is one of the outcomes of the recent 12th Indo-Japan annual summit.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Other major agreements focussing the north-eastern region were also signed during Japanese PM's visit to India.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> What are the highlights?</span></strong></span></span></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Forum - The forum aims at bringing together India’s Act East Policy and Japan’s Free and Open Asia-Pacific strategy.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This is expected to bring connectivity and promote developmental projects in India’s Northeast region.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Loan - India and Japan also signed a document on Japanese loan and aid for highway development in the Northeast.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Japan will extend a loan of Rs 2,239 crore to India for ‘North East Road Network Connectivity Improvement Project’.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This will complement India's other connectivity projects in the region including BBIN (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal) and BIMSTEC Motor Vehicle Agreements.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The connectivity initiatives are also part of the Indo-Japan corridor conceived earlier for the Indo-Pacific region.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The corridor also extends to Eastern Africa under the Asia Africa Growth Corridor.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the significance?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Development of the Northeast is a priority for India and a key to promote its Act East Policy.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">In this context, the agreements come as a contribution to intra-regional and international connectivity in the Northeast region.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Significantly, it is viewed as an alternative to the Chinese dominated One Belt One Road (OBOR).</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Besides, Japan has a great potential for people-to-people and cultural exchanges between Japan and the Northeast.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This comes in the backdrop of Japan's historic connection to the Northeast through the Battle of Imphal (fought between Japanese Army and the British during World War II).</span></span></li>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.204870000000028-17.158378499999998 38.896276000000029 43.3235265 121.51346400000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-48271426801669131202017-09-18T02:36:00.000-07:002017-09-18T02:36:16.033-07:00Global Human & Unnatural Jail Death - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Remedies For Unnatural Jail Death</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Why in news?</span></span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Recently, <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/remedies-for-unnatural-jail-death">SC directed the Chief Justices</a> of all HC to register petitions suo motu to identify the kin of prisoners who died unnatural deaths and order the states to provide them compensation.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the need for this Judgement?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Normally, the National and States Human Rights Commissions decide and award compensations in cases of custodial torture, deaths.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, compliance by State governments is low as these commissions do not exercise any power of contempt.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This judgment is significant as the high court will now directly award compensation and ensure compliance by the States.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It also asked the Ministry of women and child development to formulate procedures for tabulating children who died unnatural deaths in custody or in child care institution by this year end.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the significance?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Human rights in a welfare state are not dependent on the status of the person whether he is a criminal or a victim.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">There is no reason at all to exclude their kin from receiving compensation only because the victim is a criminal.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It is also important to look into the unnatural deaths of children in child care institutions for providing the children of our country with a better future.</span></span></li>
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Global Human Capital Index - WEF</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Why in news?</span></span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The “World Economic Forum’s - <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/global-human-capital-index-wef">Global Human Capital Index</a>”, ranked India at a 103rd among 130 countries.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What does the report say?</span></span></strong></span></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Global Human Capital Index 2017 ranks countries on how well they are developing their human capital.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The rankings are based on four thematic dimensions — capacity, deployment, development, and know-how.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The index is led by Scandinavian nations Norway, Finland and Switzerland, followed by large economies such as the US and Germany.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">In South Asia, the race is led by Sri Lanka at rank 70 and Nepal at 98, while India has a slightly better standing than Bangladesh & Pakistan.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">With the exception of Sri Lanka, the other South Asian countries are yet to reach the 60% threshold in HDI.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the implications for India?</span></span></strong></span></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This is a scathing commentary on how India is handling its demographic dividend.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India stands at the bottom among the G20 nations, is the lowest among BRICS nations.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Dragged down by its poor labour participation and a big gender gap, India seems to be struggling against huge challenges.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It has been noted that although India’s current educational attainment rate has improved over past generations, its youth literacy rate stands at a paltry 89%.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the positives for India?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Despite the low ratings, the report notes that India is showing signs of slowly moving in the right direction.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The primary way to realise the full human potential is by increasing inclusivity and expanding access to education and employment opportunities.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">On that note, the country scores well on the ‘know-how’ parameter that measures the use of specialised skills at work - such as economic complexity, availability of skilled employees.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The other markers are that India ranks well on are its improving education system, skill diversity of graduates and high-skilled employment share.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the worldwide trends?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The world average was only 62% on human capital development.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Only 25 nations were found to have tapped at least 70% of their human capital, while for 14 countries was below 50%.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">South Asia’s overall score was behind the Middle East and North Africa but ahead of Sub-Saharan Africa.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">China was ranked an impressive 34th and its rapid expansion of educational attainment across its younger generations is poised to be an asset in preparing the future workforce.</span></span></li>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.204870000000028-17.158378499999998 38.896276000000029 43.3235265 121.51346400000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-43944999622521431432017-09-18T02:23:00.000-07:002017-09-18T02:23:47.902-07:00GDP Numbers & Regulatory Framework - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Evolution Of A Regulatory Framework In India</h2>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Transparent regulators are a must for evolution of mature markets.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">In India, political considerations have time and again forced distortions in regulatory frameworks.</span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is a Regulatory Regime?</span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/evolution-of-a-regulatory-framework-in-india">Liberalisation of economies and unleashing</a> of market forces gives birth to regulators and regulatory regimes.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Economists described this as the transition of a government’s role from positive intervention to arm’s length superintendence.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">But the manner in which the regulatory system has been established and ‘Regulatory obstructionism’ to development of businesses is a debatable issue.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Lack of transparency and accountability of the regulators in India has been flagged by many economic observers.</span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Currently how deos the regulatory framework in India look?</span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Over a period of time, a number of regulatory bodies, ranging from RBI, SEBI, IRDA, PFRDA to TRAI, electricity regulators, CCI, FDA have been set up in India.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">There is a proposal to create a regulator for the aviation and rail traffic business as well and many more may follow.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">These regulators have been empowered to set the policy agenda, outline regulations, punish non-compliance and garner resources to manage their affairs.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The policy direction pursued by every regulator has to support the development of the market of the allocated jurisdiction.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, in Indian democracy, social and political populism has proven to often overtake the economic agenda.</span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the issues concerning regulatory sector?</span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Politicisation -</strong> As economic agents inherently intend to maximise profits, market misconduct happens in every domain.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Whenever such incidences occur, they have to be dealt with pragmatically but due to political pressures, policy makers go overdrive and frame restrictive policies and denounce regulators.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The politicisation of such events has made the regulators in India overcautious & frightened in order to dodge any blame game.</span></li>
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<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Performance -</strong> In many cases, non-experts are selected to lead the regulatory bodies thereby affecting technical aspects.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Second, the review mechanism for the functioning of the regulatory bodies is not very robust.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">In particular, it does not include the role of regulators in the development of the market.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Upgrading -</strong> The inventions and innovations in the sector and the society at large influence the direction of the market.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Hence, regulatory mechanisms need to update in consonance with the above mentioned changes without much delay.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">If these issues aren’t addressed, the development of the mature and well regulated markets will take a serious beating.</span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the larger questions doing the rounds?</span></strong></span></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">A regulatory state was conceived as a fast and flexible alternative to the cumbersome and bureaucratic frames of the replaced era.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, questions about the democratic governance and accountability of regulators are being raised around the world.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This is because substantial power to make laws has shifted from elected representatives to technocrats sitting in regulatory bodies.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Government should consider appointing a high-level task force immediately to delve deep into these issues.</span></li>
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GDP Numbers – Is India Steadily Loosing Momentum?</h2>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India’s economy is slowing down for the past 5 quarters.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/gdp-numbers-is-india-steadily-loosing-momentum">Investments-led growth</a> can reverse the situation but the policy response has been sluggish</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">How is the slowdown explained?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">GDP growth has lost momentum since March 2016.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The slowdown is being explained away either as a transitory phenomenon or as beyond the government’s control.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Deficient rains, sluggish world economy, or lately due to demonetisation and the GST have all been cited as reasons at different times.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While the reasons change, the economic trend remains the same.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">How have the various drivers of the economy fared?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">In the boom years, four engines powered the economy - Exports, Government investments, Private consumption & Private investments.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While government investments and private consumption were going strong even 2 years ago, the other two went out of steam early and remain so even now.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The slowdown has now spread to all aspects of the economy.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> There was a noted slowdown in the quarter ending June 2017 in all four growth engines.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What could be the explanations?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">As incomes improve, private spending and tax collections pick up.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Hence government investments and private consumption depend on how well the economy is doing as a whole.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Exports -</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> The global economic downturn that followed the 2008 financial crisis dealt a body blow to exports.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Recovery in the global economy has lifted exports of most Asian countries, but Indian exports are stagnating.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This has partly been due to an over-valued rupee.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Investments -</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> India’s economic future can improve significantly with investments-led growth.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The decline in private investments over the past 5 years is so sharp that it has offset the increases in government investments.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The steps taken for improving the ease of doing business and the foreign investments regime have proved insufficient.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Why are investments not coming up?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Companies don’t seem convinced that new investments will be profitable.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Many variables like costs, availability of finance, land, labour, technology, logistics, and taxation affect investment decisions.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">As the government is politically sensitive in decision making, it is unable to progress on land and labour reforms.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Also, credit creation has almost ceased due to the NPA problem.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Additionally, in an environment of constant shocks like demonetisation and unanticipated policy changes, investment decisions tend to get postponed.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">How has the government responded?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While the government is notably swift with decision-making there seems to be a disconnect between policy tools and objectives.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Part of the problem seems to be that the government is inert even to the advice of its own economists.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Even the analyses documented in the Economic Survey has had minimal influence on policy</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Demonetisation has proved a drag on an already slowing economy.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Whiles its effect on the informal sector is beginning to be undserstood, an untimely GST may aggravate its woes. </span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While the speedy decision making is important, it needs to be recognized that quality advice needs to be heeded to.</span></span></li>
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #3e3f3c; font-family: lora, serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: center;">Author : <a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/" style="background: transparent; color: #970101; cursor: pointer;">Shankar IAS Academy, Chennai</a>.</b></div>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.204870000000028-17.158378499999998 38.896276000000029 43.3235265 121.51346400000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-37540016503782570032017-09-15T03:46:00.000-07:002017-09-15T03:46:17.270-07:00Shankar IAS Academy Chennai UPSC Prelim Bits 14-09-2017<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>UPSC Civil Service Preliminary Exam Study Material</b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><br /></span></strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Electric Vehicle Capital of India</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Karnataka wants to become the electric vehicle capital of India.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Karnataka is the first state to roll out an Electric Vehicle and Energy Storage Policy.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The policy looks not only at boosting sales of EVs, but also setting up charging infrastructure.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Policy aims to set up EV manufacturing zones along with facilities for testing that can be used even by start-ups.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The state estimates that it will be able to create employment for 55,000 individuals over the next few years through the EV industry.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">SHAKTI</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Scheme for Harnessing and Allocating Koyala (Coal) Transparently in India (SHAKTI) is the new scheme of the centre to provide cheaper coal to private power units through bidding.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Under this new programme, Coal India offered assured coal supply to units through bidding.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The private power units had to quote the discount in their power tariffs that they would offer after getting cheaper coal from the company.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Thus the bidding will be for private power units with power purchase agreements (PPAs) but no long-term coal supply.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/online-course/">Online classes for India and NRI </a></span></strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><br /></span></strong></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">New NIRF Exercise</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">National Institution Ranking Framework (NIRF) for the year 2018 has been announced by the centre with a change.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The NIRF ranking was started in 2016, ranks higher educational institutions in India on the basis of a variety of parameters.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The 2016 and 2017 NIRF lists reflected the ranks of only those institutions that had taken part in the exercise.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">But for 2018, instead of institutions choosing to take part in the exercise, they are being auto-registered through a large online database.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The All-India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) portal of institutions available with the Ministry of Human Resource Development will be used for auto registration of institutions.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">With this initiative, the number of institutions for NIRF is expected to raise three fold from previous year rankings.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Last year ranking, among universities, Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore was ranked first and Jawaharlal Nehru University in Delhi was second.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Citizenship for Chakma and Hajong refugees</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">GoI has announced that it will grant citizenship to all chakma and hajong refugees living in the north east.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The government also ensured that the rights of the indigenous people are not diluted.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Chakmas and Hajongs were originally residents of Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan).</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">They left their homeland when it was submerged by the Kaptai dam project near Chittagong, Bangladesh, in the 1960s.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Chakmas, who are Buddhists, and Hajongs, who are Hindus, also allegedly faced religious persecution and entered India through the then Lushai Hills district of Assam (now Mizoram).</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Centre moved the majority of them to the North East Frontier Agency, which is now Arunachal Pradesh.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Monitor Lizard</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India is home to four varieties of monitor lizard - Agra, Yellow, Water, and Large Bengal.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Monitor Lizards are protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">They share their Schedule 1 status with tigers, rhinos, elephants and leopards, and hunting or harming them can attract jail terms of at least 3-7 years;</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Their trade is restricted under Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The male reproductive organs of monitor lizards are traded in the name of “Hatha Jodi”, which is claimed to possess magical powers that ensure prosperity for its owner.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Forest Plus Programme</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Forest Plus, also known as Land Use Science is a joint programme by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It aims to strengthen capacity for REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) implementation in India.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It brings together experts to develop technologies, tools and methods of forest management to meet the technical challenges of managing forests for the health of ecosystem, carbon stocks, biodiversity and livelihood.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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<b>We provide assistance for out station IAS, IPS aspirants to choose from
over 40 hostels nearby the institute with the best of facilities </b></div>
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #3e3f3c; font-family: lora, serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: left;">Author : <a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/" style="background: transparent; color: #970101; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Shankar IAS Academy, Chennai</a>.</b></div>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.204870000000028-17.16164 38.896276000000029 43.326788 121.51346400000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-8375064796457116232017-09-14T04:45:00.001-07:002017-09-14T04:45:43.331-07:00Water Management & Gloomy State Of The Economy - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Water Management In The 21st Century</h2>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></span></strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What is the issue?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Our ideas & institutions dealing with <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/water-management-in-the-21st-century" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #6611cc; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">water management</a> have become out-dated.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">We are probably peddling towards disastrous wrongly perceieved solutions, that calls for an immediate course correction.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What is the background?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Flooding across various regions in India has become an annual phenomenon.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Alternately, farmers in other regions committing suicide due to lack of rains have also become common.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Notably, lakes catching fire, water contamination & plummeting ground-water tables are indicative of the seriousness of the crisis that we face.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What are our systemic flaws?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Outdated Ideas -</span></strong><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Ideas have been slow to evolve in India.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Whether it is management of floods or droughts, the government planning engineers haven’t thought outside conventional norms.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The legal and constitutional mandates too are archaic and in most cases lack clarity & relevance to the 21<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">st</span> century. </span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The legal framework is yet to recognized the concepts of “Integrated Water Resource Management, Environment flows, Conjunctive use, Basin management, Water footprint and Virtual water trade”.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Multitude of Organisations -</span></strong><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> About 23 organisations deal with water resources at the union government level alone.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Similar counterparts exist at State, district and village levels with overlapping jurisdictions.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Paradoxically, these organisations rarely co-ordinate or integrate between themselves to solve a water problem.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Expertise -</span></strong><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Also, most engineers in water organisations in India don’t have the requisit qualifications regarding water resources.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Even the Central Water Engineering Services, the only dedicated water service cadre of union isn’t composed of technocrats in water resources but civil servants and civil engineers.</span></span></li>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-size: medium; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #6611cc; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"> More than 800 of our students are IAS, IPS, etc from Shankar IAS Academy </a></span></div>
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<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">How can the future be best approached?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The 21st century faces daunting challenges that were unknown earlier.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Population explosion and changes in consumption patterns have raised the demand for water.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Climate change, silting & aging dams and the deteriorating quality of freshwater are serious issues that needs focus. </span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">This calls for relevant structurtal & policy changes along with the development of expertise that is capable of thinking out of the box.</span></span></li>
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<h2 style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 28px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 640px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-transform: capitalize;">
The Gloomy State Of The Economy</h2>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Why is the issue?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;">
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The GDP growth is slowing & inflation is high.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Although, short-term disturbances will get rectified soon, a full bounce back looks far off.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What do the latest numbers say?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;">
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Index of Industrial Production has slumped to 1.2% in July as against a 4.5% during the same month last year.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">IIP for June this year was even worse at -0.2%</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Retail price inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index, rose to a five-month high of 3.36% in August.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">These numbers follow the slowdown reported earlier this month in the <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/the-gloomy-state-of-the-economy" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #6611cc; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">GDP growth</a> during the first quarter of 2017-18.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Growth in the latest quarter hit a three-year low.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What has caused the slowdown?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;">
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The implementation of the GST has caused significant uncertainty among businesses.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">This has led to a drop in business activity across the value chain, which is being reflected in the industrial output numbers.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Also, the economy has been contracting for the last five consecutive quarters, starting well before the implementation of GST or the demonetisation.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Many have attributed this to the drought in private investment which has lasted for years now.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The current slowdown is thus very likely the result of both short-term disturbances caused by GST as well as other factors.</span></span></li>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What is the likely policy response?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;">
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The slump in economic growth has increased pressure on the RBI to provide a boost to the economy by cutting interest rates.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The underlying belief is that printing money can grow the economy.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The rise in retail inflation in August, however, probably rules out any form of aggressive monetary stimulus by the RBI in its next policy meeting due to be held in October.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Some part of the lost growth may be recovered over the next few quarters as the economy adapts to GST and other related short-term disturbances.</span></span></li>
<li style="line-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">A sustained recovery that puts India on the high-growth trajectory for years, however, may be possible only after the government implements structural reforms in the labour and land market.</span></span></li>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.204870000000028-17.16164 38.896276000000029 43.326788 121.51346400000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-59390442143019033372017-09-08T04:58:00.001-07:002017-09-08T04:58:17.335-07:00History Behind North Korea Sixth Nuclear Test - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>North Korea Sixth Nuclear Test</b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Why in news?</span></span></strong></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The <a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/editorial/the-north-korea-connundrum">North Korea conducted its sixth nuclear test</a> recently.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the history of Nuclear crises in Korea?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The current one is the third nuclear crisis on the Korean peninsula.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">First Crisis -</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> Post-Cold War, U.S. and USSR withdrew naval and tactical nuclear weapons globally, including the ones in Korea.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">But the U.S-South Korea military exercises were restarted.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Subsequently in 1993 with North Korea threatening to withdraw from the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The crisis was averted by direct talks with the U.S. leading to an Agreed Framework in 1994.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Under which North Korea suspended its decision to withdraw from the NPT, agreed to freeze its nuclear activities.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Clinton administration pledged to provide nuclear power reactors also provided more than $800 million of food aid.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Second Crisis -</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> The Bush administration in 2002 declared North Korea part of the ‘axis of evil’ & annulled the 1994 Framework.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">North Korea reacted by formally quitting the NPT in 2003.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">China and Russia initiated the Six-Party Talks in 2003 which the U.S. later joined under pressure.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, when the U.S. imposed new sanctions a few months later and North Korea responded with its first nuclear test in 2006.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the stats of the North Korea’s weapons program?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Bomb –</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> The current bomb is estimated to be six times bigger than the Hiroshima bomb.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale, the recent test indicates an explosive yield of approximately 120 kilotons.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The North Koreans described it as a successful hydrogen bomb.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Missile Program -</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> 4 nuclear tests & more than 80 missile tests have already been conducted under the current leadership.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">U.S. intillegence have estimated that North Korea has succeeded in producing a mini-warhead that could be mated with its missiles.</span></span></li>
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<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">ICBM -</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> In July 2017, Hwasong-14 was tested, which is an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It reached a height of 2,800km and travelled a distance of 933km bringing mainland America within range.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the position of the key countries?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">U.N. Security Council has met regularly to condemn North Korean missile tests and tighten sanctions.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">USA -</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> The U.S. policy under Mr. Trump has been ‘maximum pressure on North Korea’ through China.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Threats & counter threats have been exchanged frequently in recent times.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Recently US blamed China for increasing trade with North Korea, therby diluting the sanctions in place. </span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While US has assured a strong military retaliation if things worsen, it has also pragmatically stressed that it doesn’t seek regime change or the accelerated reunification of the Koreas.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">China and Russia -</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> They too have been highly critical of North Korea’s missile and nuclear tests.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">They voice that if the U.S. and South Korea were to suspend their joint military exercises, North Korea would open up for a dialogue.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Why North Korea is strengthening its aresenal?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Kim Jong-un, looks convinced that he needs a nuclear deterrent for regime survival.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">He clearly desires regime recognition & easing of sanctions.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">He might also be to use this to dilute U.S – South Korea ties in an effort to unify the peninsula.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">China too has half hearted in its efforts towards a denuclearised Korean peninsula as it fears that it would eventually lead to a regime collapse in the North & the creation of re-unificated Korea that is allied to USA.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="color: orange;"><a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/">Two way interactive, world class learning for IAS, IFS, IPS aspirants from all over the world </a></span></span></span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">How can this be resolved?</span></span></strong></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">North Korea might agree to a temporary halt in testing as a means to start a dialogue but will not accept any restriction on capabilities in return for mere verbal assurances.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">All the key powers involved should take up confidence building measures to chalk out a clear agenda. </span></span></li>
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<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Mutual recognition will have to precede reunification and for this, the two Koreas need to begin a dialogue. </span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">For now, the objectives of ‘denuclearisation’ has to be set aside and North Korea’s nuclear capability will have to be recognized. </span></span></li>
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #3e3f3c; font-family: lora, serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: left;">Author : <a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/" style="background: transparent; color: #970101; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Shankar IAS Academy, Chennai</a>.</b></div>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0Plot No No. 15, 1837, 20th Main Rd, Anna Nagar West, Thangam Colony, Anna Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.0945981 80.203919600000063-40.5653219 -2.4132678999999371 66.7545181 162.82110710000006tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-20556753477413608722017-08-29T02:54:00.002-07:002017-08-29T02:54:52.405-07:00Getting Public Health Right - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"></span></strong></span></span></div>
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Getting Public Health Right</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><br /></span></strong></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Amidst rise in various diseases and health concerns, it is high time that India addresses the issue of understanding "public health" appropriately.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the misconception with public health?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">"Disease-care" is something which includes the different types of biomedical interventions to restore ill-health.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This, in popular parlance, is called the “<strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">healthcare</strong>” which addresses the <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">visible infrastructure</strong>of clinics and hospitals and is labour-intensive.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">On the other hand, "<strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">public health</strong>" is all about <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">invisible infrastructure</strong>, working to mitigate social and environmental determinants of diseases.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, the term ‘public health’ has long been misappropriated to mean healthcare in the public sector.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This confines the focus to only state-run hospitals.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"> <a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/upsc/admission/">More than 200 successful IAS,IPS,</a> etc. bureaucrats and officers from all
over India and the world come for conducting mock interviews </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><br /></span></strong></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What impact does this create?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The lack of understanding has hampered the efforts to have a separate public health department.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India has established a few community-level interventions to prevent certain diseases.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This includes stand-alone vertical projects against tuberculosis (TB), malaria, leprosy, filariasis, AIDS, etc.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However all of these remain silos in the absence of an integrated public health infrastructure.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This is the reason why most of these individual verticals has not delivered its potential in disease prevention.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Ex: The rampant drug resistance in TB is largely man-made as a result of lack of application of public health expertise in TB control measures.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Various vaccinations programmes are undertaken by the government.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">But, with the lack of public health infrastructure, monitoring the benefits and controlling the diseases are not happening.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What should be done?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Establishing a specialised <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">public health machinery</strong> to address the social and environmental causes and prevent diseases before hand is essential.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Public health must be managed by professionals trained in public health and empowered to work for the health security of all people.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Medical students should be made aware of not only disease diagnosis, treatment and individual preventive medicine, but also of environmental and community risk factors in terms of public health.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">A functional public health infrastructure can go a long way in preventing the possibly preventable communicable diseases.</span></span></li>
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #3e3f3c; font-family: lora, serif; font-size: 20px;">Author : <a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/" style="background: transparent; color: #970101; cursor: pointer;">Shankar IAS Academy, Chennai</a>.</b></div>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.204870000000028-17.1615745 38.896276000000029 43.3267225 121.51346400000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-84070669888560133552017-08-27T22:59:00.000-07:002017-08-27T22:59:06.498-07:00Influenza A (H1N1) Rising Cases - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Rising H1N1 Cases</h2>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The reported cases and deaths due to the spread of H1N1 virus are on the rise in comparison with previous years' records.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is H1N1?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Influenza A (H1N1) virus is the subtype of influenza A virus that was the most common cause of human influenza in 2009.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">H1N1 flu is also known as swine flu caused by swine influenza virus that is endemic in pigs.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It is a highly contagious disease and can easily spread from a patient through saliva and mucus.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the recent developments?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India is witnessing a new rise in the number of cases and deaths due to swine flu.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Gujarat is the worst-affected, followed by Rajasthan, Punjab, Maharashtra and Delhi.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The number of cases in the southern states is also high compared with last year, especially in Tamil Nadu.</span></span></li>
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<a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/">Best IAS coaching institute for training</a> its students Chosen by Ministry
of Social Justice and Empowerment Govt. Of Andhra Pradesh), BC Welfare
Department </div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the reason?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Pune based National Institute of Virology has noted that the <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">virus has not undergone any significant mutation</strong> directly responsible for the spread or increased mortality.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Also, the virulence or the disease causing nature has remained nearly unchanged.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, the virus has undergone <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">point mutations</strong>.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This has resulted in a <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">new strain called the Michigan strain</strong> which has replaced the California strain which has been prevalent since the 2009 pandemic.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Only the Michigan strain is circulating this year as against the co-circulation of both strains last year.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While earlier <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">vaccinations made people immune to the California strain</strong>, the circulation of the new strain is the cause of increased caseload and mortality.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is to be done?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Vaccine</strong> - After mutation, the newer strain emerges stronger than the earlier strain.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">More research is needed to fully understand the epidemiology of H1N1 caused by the Michigan strain, and who may be more vulnerable.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Also, the composition of the swine flu vaccine will require changes as per the World Health Organization (WHO)s recommendation.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Database</strong> - The numbers in the official report do not reflect the true reality.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This is because it is not mandatory for the private hospitals to disclose all the deaths and the people affected, to the government’s database.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">There is a need for a system to record and release the actual number of cases <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">for making appropriate response</strong>.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Prevention</strong> - Being a communicable disease, swine flu can best be prevented with <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">awareness</strong>generation by the governments.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Uptake of influenza vaccination by people, health-care workers and especially by those belonging to the high-risk category, can go a long way in reducing the cases.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">High-risk categories include pregnant women, very young and old people, those who have had organ transplantation and those with certain underlying illnesses.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Government should ensure that there are enough <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">vaccines</strong> in various health centres.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Also, it should take measures to keep the environment clean to address poor <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">hygiene and sanitation</strong> being causes of swine flu.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Diagnose</strong> - Sufficient lab facilities to diagnose H1N1 cases among both hospitalised and non-hospitalised population is essential.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The government should do everything possible to take both preventive and curative measures to fight swine flu.</span></span></li>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0No-2/23, 3rd Cross Street, Padmanabhanagar, Opposite to Sishya School, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600020, India13.0050987 80.25880630000006-17.239064300000003 38.950212300000061 43.2492617 121.56740030000006tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-15891987327567262822017-08-27T22:49:00.000-07:002017-08-27T23:09:18.455-07:00Gender injustice SC Verdict On Triple Talaq - II - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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SC Verdict On Triple Talaq - II</h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">Click </span><a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/daily-news/sc-verdict-on-triple-talaq" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3f9bf0; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;" target="_blank">here</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;"> for Part I</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: 0.3s , ,;">What is the issue?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The recent SC verdict on triple talaq is commendable for undoing the gender injustice.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, the judgement failed to address some crucial constitutional questions.</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: 0.3s , ,;">What are the shortcomings?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Codification of personal laws</strong> - A section of the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937 has already recognised <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">triple talaq</u></strong> as a statutory right and not a fundamental right.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This brings it under the ambit of Article 13 of the Constitution and thereby providing for constitutional scrutiny.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Bombay High Court decision in 1951 is often referred by courts to hold that personal laws doesnot come under Article 13.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">If the Supreme Court had held that personal laws are ‘laws in force’ under Article 13(1), the <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">problem of discrimination, arbitrariness and gender bias in all personal laws</strong> would have been solved.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However the court has missed on this.</span></span></li>
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<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Court's jurisdiction</strong> - One of the majority judges held that talaq-e-biddat found no mention in the Koran, and was no part of Muslim personal law.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">His judgement was based on the ground that talaq-e-biddat was un-Islamic, rather than unconstitutional.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This raises the question as to whether secular courts have the jurisdiction to adjudicate on such grounds.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Individual and community rights</strong> - The basic unit of the Constitution, as Ambedkar said, is the individual.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, the minority judgement has placed community claims above the individual constitutional rights.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It has advanced the view that religion could become the arbiter of individuals’ civil status and civil rights.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Constitutional protection</strong> - There is a need for distinction between religious rituals and beliefs as against laws relating to tenancy, succession and marriage.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This distinction has not been properly conveyed.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Gender Discrimination</strong> - The Muslim women who challenged triple talaq invoked the Constitution because there was no equivalent within their personal law system.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The minority judgement denied this opportunity to an individual oppressed and unequally treated by her religious community.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "georgia" , serif; transition: 0.3s , ,;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The value of a Supreme Court judgement lies in the possibilities and avenues that it opens for the future, for further progressive-oriented litigation.</span></span></li>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.204870000000028-17.161589 38.896276000000029 43.326737 121.51346400000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-29543047406472135462017-08-22T04:36:00.000-07:002017-08-22T04:38:14.151-07:00China has invoked Panchsheel - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Panchsheel And China</h2>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: 0.3s , ,;">What in news?</span></span></strong></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Amidst the standoff at Doklam, China has invoked Panchsheel by saying that India has trampled upon the five principles of peaceful co-existence.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: 0.3s , ,;">What is Panchsheel?</span></span></strong></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It a set of Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence to govern relations between states.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">They are –</span><ol style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity,</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Mutual non-aggression,</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Non-interference in each other's internal affairs,</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Equality and mutual benefit, and</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Peaceful co-existence.</span></li>
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<li style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">It was first indicted in treaty form between China and India in 1954.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">India viewed the agreement as an opportunity to promulgate its anti-colonial posture.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">China saw in this expression of ‘Asian solidarity’ a means to check the growing anti-communist sentiments in the West.</span></li>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: 0.3s , ,;">Did China practise this principle?</span></span></strong></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Within a few months of agreeing to the five principles, China made its first attempt to infringe upon it by its territorial claim over Bara Hoti in Uttarakhand.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Throughout the latter half of the 1950s, Chinese intrusions, claims over territory and construction of roads continued.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Entire border between the India and China has not been demarcated formally and one can support the Chinese claims.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">But it is to be noted that the traditional practices like the inherited treaties or the customs in place were predominantly in India’s favour.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">China also blocked efforts by India to solve the boundary dispute through bilateral talks,.</span></li>
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<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The very initiation of the 1962 War was another violation of the principles.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The Colombo Proposals were the result of the Colombo Conference of six non-aligned countries to discuss the India-China border dispute.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While India agreed to the principles, China showed an inconsistent and contradictory attitude by agreeing with many reservations.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">So five decades of no war is seen as mainly due the evaluation of the high price of war and not due to love for peace.</span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: 0.3s , ,;">Why has Panchsheel been invoked by China now?</span></span></strong></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">In contrast to previous confrontations, India has been proactive and aggressive in its posturing in Doklam.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This newfound assertiveness of India has left China stumbling for a gambit.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14pt; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Peace is undoubtedly the best way to resolve the conflict but its application should not be selective and devious.</span></li>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0Door No 18, Old Plot No 109, New Plot No 259, AL Block, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Annanagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.082574 80.204870000000028-17.1583585 38.896276000000029 43.3235065 121.51346400000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-14949773467373124942017-08-22T04:23:00.000-07:002017-08-22T04:23:11.403-07:00Issue in direct tax collections & Tax returns filed - Today Current Affairs Topics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="head-left" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 640px; text-transform: capitalize; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
A Look At Tax Collections</h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is the issue?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Widening tax net and increased tax collections are achievements of the recent government initiatives.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, declining non-individual returns and rising cost of collections call for a closer examination.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the recent developments?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Various policy measures have ensured bringing more people under the <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">direct tax net</strong> in the recent past.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The number of <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">tax returns</strong> filed recently went up by about 24.6 per cent.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The latest <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">direct tax collections</strong> were marginally higher than that presented in the Revised Estimates in the last Budget.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Personal income tax</strong> collections rose by 21 %, compared to 8% in the previous year.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Corporation tax</strong> collections rose by 7%, compared to 6% in the previous year.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Indirect tax</strong> net is also getting wider because of a rise in the number of entities getting registered under the goods and services tax (GST).</span></span></li>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="color: blue;">(
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><br /></span></strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What are the points to be noted?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">While individual tax returns went up, <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">returns filed by non-individuals saw a drop</strong> of about 10 per cent during the same period.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This includes firms, companies, associations of persons, bodies of individuals and Hindu undivided families.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">The drop could be due to -</span></span></li>
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<ol style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">the crackdown on shady or non-operating companies, used largely for engaging in questionable transactions in post-demonetisation phase.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">the cancellation of over a million duplicate or multiple permanent account numbers has excluded a larger portion of the earlier tax filing firms.</span></span></li>
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<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">States</strong> like Haryana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Gujarat accounted for a considerable rise in tax collection in the post-demonetisation phase.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">However, states like Maharashtra's and Delhi's growth in collections are much lower in percentage in comparison to the states above.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">This is despite the fact that the two states together account for almost half of the country’s total direct tax collections.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Tax deduction at source and advance taxes as a share of total direct tax receipts of the Centre raises the question on the increased <strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">cost of collections</strong>.</span></span></li>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">What is to be done?</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Government has to analyse deeper into the reasons for 10 per cent drop in filing of returns by non-individuals and the disparity among states.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">Also, the impact of GST on the tax net is to be seen in the long run.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Georgia, serif; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; transition: border 0.3s, color, background;">With the spread of digitisation and technology, efforts to ensure lower tax collection cost is of importance.</span></span></li>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com04th Ave, Shanthi Colony, Mangalam Colony, Anna Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India13.0827522 80.20443390000002613.0750187 80.194348900000023 13.0904857 80.21451890000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-34521552388944144292017-06-29T06:49:00.000-07:002017-06-29T06:49:14.394-07:00IAS Exam Current Affairs Study Material May 2017 - Vol 3<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: magenta;"><a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs">CURRENT AFFAIRS – MARCH 2017</a></span></b></h2>
<b>PAPER – II </b><br />
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<span style="color: blue;"><b>1 POLITY</b></span><br />
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<b>1.1 Hung Assembly -Goa & Manipur</b></div>
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<b>1.2 Demanding St Status –Narikuravars</b></div>
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<b>1.3 Vote Tampering in EVMS</b></div>
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<b>1.4 Electoral Bonds</b></div>
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<b>1.5 Special Category Status</b></div>
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<b>1.6 Babri Masjid Issue To Read Polity <a href="http://shankariasacademy.blogspot.in/2017/05/ias-exam-current-affairs-study-material.html">Click here</a></b></div>
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<b><b><span style="color: blue;">2 GOVERNMENT POLICIES, BILLS AND INTERVENTIONS</span><br /><br />2.1 Maternity Benefit Bill<br />2.2 Mental Healthcare Bill<br />2.3 The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill<br />2.4 Medical Termination Of Pregnancy Act<br />2.5 Inter-State Water Disputes (Amendment) Bill, 2017 </b></b><b><b><b>To Read 2.1 to 2.5 Click Here</b></b></b><br />
<b><b>2.6 Companies Amendment Bill<br />2.7 Draft Trafficking of Persons Bill<br />2.8 National Health Policy 2017<br />2.9 SDMC’s Order<br />2.10 Banning Cow Slaughter<br />2.11 Ban on Liquor Vends<br />2.12 Mandatory Aadhaar<br />2.13 BBC Documentary on Kaziranga Tiger Reserve<br />2.14 NO-FLY List<br />2.15 Censor Board<br />2.16 Moral Policing -Anti-Romeo Squads</b></b><b> </b></div>
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<b><b><span style="color: purple;"><b><b>GOVERNMENT POLICIES, BILLS AND INTERVENTIONS</b></b></span></b></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;"><b>2.6 COMPANIES AMENDMENT BILL</b><br /> </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;"><b>Why in news?</b><br />The Ministry of Corporate Affairs is making amendments to Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2016 based on standing committee report before taking up for consideration in the Parliament.<br /> </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;"><b>What are the highlights of the bill?</b> </span></span></div>
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<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">It amends the Companies Act, 2013 in relation to structuring, disclosure and compliance requirements for companies.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">The 2013 Act limits the number of intermediary companies through which investments can be made in a company.<br />It also limits the number of layers of subsidiaries a company can have.<br />The current bill removes these limits.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">It also requires a group of persons who exercise beneficial control (above 25%) in a company to disclose such interest.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">The Act requires a separate offer letter to be issued to individuals to whom a private offer of shares has been made.The Bill removes the requirement of such an offer letter.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">The Act permits the appointment of members at the level of Joint Secretary to the quasi-judicial tribunal.The Bill mandates that a technical member must be at leastof the level of an Additional Secretary. These provisions are in line with a 2015 Supreme Court judgment.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">However some CLC recommendations like residence requirements for directors;and compliance requirements for dormant companies were included.</span></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;"><b>2.7 DRAFT TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS BILL</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;"><b> </b><br /><b>Why in news?</b><br />The draft trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) bill is about to be introduced.<br /> </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;"><b>What does the draft say?</b></span></span><br />
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<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">The draft bill addresses trafficking for prevention, rescue and rehabilitation.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">It seeks to levy severe financial penalties and jail terms ranging from seven years to life term for violators and repeat offenders punished with nothing short of a life sentence.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">It also seeks to bring focus on rehabilitation as a right.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">From inclusion of aggravated forms of trafficking and other offences to establishment of well coordinated institutional mechanism from district to national level, the law covers a wide range of concerns.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">Trafficking for the purpose of forced labour, marriage, child bearing and administering narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, alcohol and hormones for the purpose of trafficking is proposed to be punished with term not less than 10 years but which may extend to life imprisonment along with a fine of Rs 1 lakh.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">The same penalty provision is proposed to be applied in case of offence where a child is trafficked for the purpose of human shield, child soldiers or for commission of crime.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">It also proposes a national Anti-Trafficking Bureau for investigation and prosecution of Trans border crimes and for national level coordination.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">It denotes that an appropriate Government shall maintain either directly or through voluntary organisations,protection homes selected and managed in the manner, as may be prescribed for the immediate care and protection of the victims.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">It calls for setting up of shelter homes either directly or through voluntary organisations or use the existing shelter homes, as the case may be, one or more Special Homes in each district for the purpose of providing long-term institutional support for the rehabilitation of victims.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">The draft also puts in place the state anti-trafficking and the district anti trafficking committee.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">The draft puts much focus on monetary reliefs and provision for a rehabilitation fund.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">There is special emphasis on victim-witness protection and time bound investigation and trial and time bound inter-state and cross border repatriation.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">The proposed legislation calls for the constitution of special courts to try cases relating to trafficking.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;">The proposed draft legislation also introduces stringent provisions to punish and deter traffickers and their associates from committing similar crimes in the future by way of confiscation, forfeiture and attachment and further auction of the property. </span></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b>2.8NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 2017</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b>Why in news?</b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;">The National Health Policy, 2017, was approved by the Union Cabinet which will replace the previous policy adopted in 2002.<b> </b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b>What are the key highlights?</b> </span></div>
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<li><span style="background-color: white;">The broad principles of the Policy are centered on professionalism, integrity and ethics, equity, affordability, universality, patient centered and quality of care, accountability and pluralism.</span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: white;">It aims to achieve universal access to good quality health care services without anyone having to face financial hardshipas a consequence.</span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: white;">It intends on gradually increasing public health expenditure to 2.5% of the GDP.</span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: white;">It proposes free drugs, free diagnostics and free emergency and essential healthcare services in public hospitals.</span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: white;">The policy advocates allocating two-thirds of resources to primary care.</span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: white;">It proposes two beds per 1,000 of the population to enable access within the first 60 minutes after a traumatic injury.</span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: white;">To reduce morbidity and preventable mortality of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by advocating pre-screening.</span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: white;">It highlights AYUSH as a tool for effective prevention and therapy that is safe and cost-effective.</span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: white;">It proposes introducing Yoga in more schools and offices to promote good health.</span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: white;">It also proposed reforming medical education.</span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: white;">The policy also lists quantitative targets regarding life expectancy, mortality and reduction of disease prevalence in line with the objectives of the policy. </span><b><br /></b></li>
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<b>What are the key targets?</b></div>
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<li>Increase Life Expectancy at birth from67.5 to 70 by 2025.</li>
<li>Reduce Fertility Rate to 2.1 by 2025.</li>
<li>Reduce Infant Mortality Rate to 28 by 2019.</li>
<li>Reduce Under Five Mortality to 23 by 2025.</li>
<li>Achieve the global 2020 HIV target (also termed 90:90:90 global target).</li>
<li>To reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases by 25 per cent by 2025.</li>
<li>Reducing the prevalence of blindness to 0.25 per 1000 persons by 2025.</li>
<li>The disease burden to be reduced by one third from the current levels.</li>
<li>Elimination of leprosy by 2018, kala-azar by 2017 and lymphatic filariasis in endemic pockets by 2017.</li>
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<b>What are the positives?</b></div>
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<li>It seeks to promote universal access to good quality healthcare services and a wide array of free drugs and diagnostics.</li>
<li>The proposed steps such as a health card for every family will certainly help improve health outcomes in India.</li>
<li>The recommended grading of clinical establishments and active promotion and adoption of standard treatment guidelines can also help improve the quality of healthcare delivery in India.</li>
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<b>What are the lacunas?</b></div>
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<li>The policy duplicates portions of the Health section of Finance Minister‘s 2017 Budget speech, reiterates health spend targets set by the erstwhile Planning Commission for the 12th Five Year Plan.</li>
<li>It fails to make health a justiciable right in the way the Right to Education 2005 did for school education.</li>
<li>A health cesswas a pathbreaking idea that was proposed in the draft policy but it was dropped.Whether Health should continue to be in the State List, or in the Concurrent List is not answered in the policy.Among the most glaring lacunae in the present context is the lack of capacity to use higher levels of public funding for health.</li>
<li>Although a major capacity expansion to produce MBBS graduates took place between 2009 and 2015, this is unlikely to meet policy goals since only 11.3% of registered allopathic doctors were working in the public sector as of 2014.</li>
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<b>2.9 SDMC‟S ORDER</b></div>
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<b>Why in news?</b><br />
South Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC) made it mandatory for all hotels and restaurants in its jurisdiction to give full access to the general public to their toilet facilities.</div>
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<b>What the order has said?</b></div>
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<li>The move is part of a soon-to-be national campaign to make more toilet facilities available to the public, with special focus on women and children.</li>
<li>The broad ideas are hygiene and security.</li>
<li>The suggestion came from Delhi Lieutenant Governor who urged SDMC to explore the possibility.</li>
<li>Restaurant managements have been given discretion to charge up to Rs 5 per use of their toilets.</li>
<li>SDMC claims as a result of the initiative, additional 3,500 toilets will be accessible to the public.</li>
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<b>What is the reaction of the public?</b></div>
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<li>Many have complained of an undermining of their „rights of admission‟.</li>
<li>Others have pointed out that it is insensitive to deny access to an individual who needs to use the restroom.</li>
<li>Both sides agree that the proposed Rs 5 charge to ostensibly cover costs of maintenance and cleaning.</li>
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<b>What is the need for such a decision?</b></div>
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<li>The corporation maintains that because restaurants get health trade licences from the corporation, they are bound to follow its orders. </li>
<li>While on paper, the SDMC has 600 urinals and roughly 400 toilet complexes in its jurisdiction, most of them are unusable.</li>
<li>Maintenance of the SDMC‘s public facilities is poor because the corporation does not have jetting machines that spray water at high pressure to clean the toilets.</li>
<li>So, in light of SDMC order, it is pertinent to consider, the state of its existing public utilities also.</li>
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<b>Why it is not a proper solution?</b></div>
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<li>It is just a quick fix solution.</li>
<li>It did not look into the full system, including the availability of toilets, water for flushing, the sewerage network, sewage treatment and provisions for discharge of the treated sewage into waterbodies.</li>
<li>Instead of outlining a programme incorporating these elements, the problem is trivialised by shifting attention away.</li>
<li>Health and Sanitation should be provided the government and the private restaurants cannot be forced to open their toilets to the public.</li>
<li>It is not a solution round the clock.</li>
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<b>What could be done?</b></div>
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<li>The solution lies in building more public toilets and ensuring they are properly maintained and financially sustainable.</li>
<li>Most public toilets are single-storey buildings; they could easily have another floor of toilets, thereby doubling the capacity without any need for additional land.</li>
<li>Another possible approach for the SDMC would be to use public-private partnership,</li>
<li>not only to build toilets, but provide and/or fix the different links in the supply chain of managing and disposing waste.</li>
<li>Sewage treatment plants can also be built on land leased by the government and capital invested by the private sector.</li>
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<b>2.10 BANNING COW SLAUGHTER</b></div>
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<b>Why in news?</b><br />
The Uttar Pradesh government is undertaking a crackdown on buffalo slaughterhouses, meat processing plants and retail outlets in the state, including the legal ones.</div>
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<b>What are the cons of meat production?</b></div>
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<li>Apart from the religious sentiments being hurt, meat production is also detrimental to the environment.</li>
<li>Agriculture contributes roughly 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions and half of this comes from meat production. </li>
<li>An estimated 30% of the world‘s land not covered with ice is used to grow food for livestock, leaving a huge footprint in terms of land and water consumption.</li>
<li>Eating around 100g of meat per day per person results in emitting about 7.2 kg of CO2 per day as compared to 2.9 kg of CO2 emitted by vegan diets.</li>
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<b>What are the necessities for slaughter houses?</b> </div>
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<li>Freedom-India is a secular nation and the culture of eating food differs across communities, regions and religions. Hence this cannot be infringed upon.</li>
<li>Economy of Farmers-The cow has been traditional used for ploughing, drawing water from wells for irrigation, threshing grain and pulling carts. </li>
<li>Due to modernisation most of these activities became redundant.</li>
<li>So the farmer today rears cattle and buffaloes essentially for milk.</li>
<li>The viability of milk production depends on maintaining only high-milking animals.</li>
<li>But it is not possible if there is no mechanism available for disposal of unproductive animals. </li>
<li>It costs about Rs 70,000 per animal per year to be fed properly and looked after. </li>
<li>A small farmer cannot afford to spend such an amount on unproductive animals.</li>
<li>The reason for increase in Buffalo population by 61% between 1997 and 2012 and the maintaining of female buffaloes at the rate of 82% of its total population is due to the availability of an avenue for disposal in the form of slaughterhouses. </li>
<li>The current environment of closing down abattoirs and so-called unlicensed meat shops discourage dairy farming.</li>
<li>This could eventually hit the country‘s milk production and force reliance on imports. </li>
<li>Nutrition -Beef is a cheap source of protein for a large number of people, hence critical for their nutritional security. </li>
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<b>2.11 BAN ON LIQUOR VENDS</b><br />
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<b>Why in news?</b><br />
The Supreme Court ordered to remove ―liquor vends‖ located within 500 m distance of national, State highways,associated roads and service lanes.<br />
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<b>What was the order?</b><br />
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<li>The licences of liquor shops across the highways will not be renewed after March 31, 2017.</li>
<li>The judgment ordered that the prohibition on sale of liquor alongside highways would extend to stretches of such highways that fall within limits of municipal corporations, city towns and local authorities.</li>
<li>The ban also extends to bars, pubs and restaurants located on highways.</li>
<li>It also prohibits signage and advertising of availability of liquor on highways.</li>
<li>No shop for sale of liquor should be visible from the National and State highways and noted that the visibility is the first temptation.</li>
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<b>What was the court’s rationale?</b></div>
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<li>The order is intended to prevent drunk driving.</li>
<li>1.5 lakh fatalities happen annually in road accidents and about 10% deaths were caused because of driving under the influence of alcohol.</li>
<li>The court said revenue generation could not be a ―valid reason‖ for a state or a Union Territory to give licence for liquor shops on highways.</li>
<li>India being a signatory to the Brasilia Declaration on Road Safety, it is imperative that policy guidelines are framed to control road accidents.</li>
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<b>Is the freedom of choice compromised?</b></div>
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<li>The judgement infringes on individuals right to decide with their own free will.</li>
<li>But alcohol influences the brain and compromises its ability to make a reasoned choice.</li>
<li>Moreover, there is third party damage.</li>
<li>Those around the abusers like wives, children, neighbours, those walking or driving on the streets, the poor sleeping on footpaths are at grievous risk.</li>
<li>Therefore the issue is not simply about the freedom of choice of drinkers.</li>
<li>It is also the freedom of life, safety and dignity, of family income and the productivity of other people.</li>
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<b>Whether prohibition is effective?</b></div>
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<li>According to WHO, the annual per adult consumption of absolute alcohol in India is 4,000 ml.</li>
<li>It is 100 ml in Pakistan and 200 ml in Bangladesh.</li>
<li>In the predominantly Buddhist Myanmar and Bhutan, it is 700 ml.</li>
<li>It less than 1,000 ml in 26 countries where governments & culture have taken an anti-alcohol view.</li>
<li>So culture does influence people behaviour,especially when government also holds a similar view.</li>
<li>Most religions in India prohibit drinking. If government policy and efforts complement this cultural factor, lessening the present alcohol consumption is possible.</li>
<li>Alcohol consumption might never become zero.</li>
<li>So the initial focus of prohibition should be towards reducing alcohol consumption.</li>
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<b>What are the shortcomings? </b></div>
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" style="cursor: move;" width="640" /></a>
<li>It will not stop the availability of liquor. One can always buy it beforehand.</li>
<li>The order does not exempt outlets in cities and towns, where most of the consumers are local residents.</li>
<li>The move halves the country‘s excise revenues from alcohol from current levels of Rs.12,000crore per annum.</li>
<li>States could lose Rs.50,000 crore in overall tax revenues. Maharashtra expected to be the worst-hit.</li>
<li>Retail outlets can perhaps move another 500m with minimal expense & no great loss of clientele but established hotels and clubs does not enjoy such luxury.</li>
<li>Smaller administrative units like Puducherry will find relocation of many shops impossible, as they are caught between the highway and the sea.</li>
<li>Goa, a small State that depends heavily on tourism, is in a similarly difficult situation.</li>
<li>The relaxation of the liquor-free zone from 500 m to 220 m from the highways in the case of areas with a population of 20,000 or less might only partly address their concerns.</li>
<li>Even if less than 5% of the jobs in the travel and tourism sector are affected, it could amount to 1.5 million jobs.</li>
<li>The ban will also hurt the many small businesses which survive around the bars and restaurants.</li>
<li>It is neither easy nor perhaps even desirable for bars to move away from the highways into residential neighbourhoods.<b> </b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What should be done?</b> </div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>There are better ways of dealing with drunken driving starting like stricter enforcement of current laws, tougher and more frequent policing, and stiffer consequences, like deterrent fines and loss of driving privileges.</li>
<li>A zero tolerance‘ approach to drunk driving has shown positive results wherever it has been enforced adequately, such as in Mumbai. </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>2.12 MANDATORY AADHAAR</b><br />
<br />
<b>Why in news?</b><br />
Aadhaar is being made mandatory for many government schemes like withdrawing pension money to access to midday meals at school.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What is Aadhaar?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Aadhaar is a 12 digit unique-identity number issued to all Indian residents based on their biometric and demographic data.</li>
<li>The data is collected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI).</li>
<li>It is a statutory authority established by the Government of India, under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, under the provisions of the Aadhaar Act 2016.</li>
<li>Over a billion Aadhaar numbers have now been handed out.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What are the positives of having Aadhaar?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The number would serve as a unique identifier, suitable for all forms of identification.</li>
<li>The government can transfer welfare payments directly to Aadhaar-linked bank accounts, cutting out India‘s notoriously corrupt middlemen.</li>
<li>It could be used to borrow money, tap into a pension account.</li>
<li>It was a simple, lightweight, elegant solution with a minimal cost.</li>
<li>Initially using it was voluntary.</li>
<li>Proving ones identification is very simple.</li>
<li>Aadhaar designers promised robust privacy legislation.<b> </b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What are the problems of Aadhaar?</b></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Presently in India, providing certificates for one‘s identity is sometimes impossible.</li>
<li>Supreme Court has mandated that Aadhaar should be voluntary and limited to the programs that require it.</li>
<li>But the government is forcing Indians to use their ID number to access all available government services.</li>
<li>Concerns about the security of the Unique ID system still remain.</li>
<li>Indians do not have no fundamental right to privacy.</li>
<li>Therefore citizens are left trusting Aadhaar‘sadministratorsi.e UIDAI. It needs to be clearly accountable, but that‘s not the case.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Proxima Nova", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/online-course/">IAS Online Coaching </a>| <a href="https://www.shankariasacademy.com/">Preferred Civil Service Training Institute by Govt. Of Andhra Pradesh</a> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<b>2.13 BBC DOCUMENTARY ON KAZIRANGA TIGER RESERVE</b><br />
<br />
<b>Why in news?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The Ministry of Environment and Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has urged the Ministry of External Affairs to revoke the visas of BBC‘s crew and ban their entry into India for at least five years.</li>
<li>It is a retaliative measure for filming a documentary that allegedly put India‘s conservation efforts in bad light.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What are the features of KNP?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Kaziranga National Park in Assam hosts two-thirds of the world's great one-horned rhinoceroses.</li>
<li>It is a World Heritage Site and located on the edge of the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot.</li>
<li>It is home to the highest density of tigers and was declared a Tiger Reserve in 2006.</li>
<li>It also hosts large breeding populations of elephants, wild water buffalo, and swamp deer.</li>
<li>The rivers Brahmaputra, Diphlu, Mora Diphlu and Mora Dhansiri flow through it.</li>
<li>The great one-horned rhinoceros is native to India and listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What is the documentary about?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The documentary, One World: Killing for Conservation explored the anti-poaching strategy adopted by the guards of the Kaziranga Tiger Reserve (KTR) in Assam while protecting the one-horned Indian Rhino.</li>
<li>It referred to ―dark secrets‖ of conservation at KTR.</li>
<li>The documentary said the forest guards had been given powers to shoot and kill poachers.</li>
<li>It also stated that more people were killed by guards than rhinos by poachers at the tiger reserve.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What is NTCA’s rationale?</b><br />
The NTCA alleged that the violations by the journalist involved<br />
1. Filming after sunset,<br />
2. Dishonouring the undertaking provided,<br />
3. Deviating from the original synopsis submitted to mea and its authority.<br />
4. Not screening the documentary before a committee of the moef&cc.<br />
It described the documentary as ―grossly erroneous reporting‖.<br />
BBC had failed to submit the documentary to MoEFCC and the MEA for obligatory previewing.<br />
So, NTCA has asked chief wildlife wardens of all tiger range states and field directors of tiger reserves to disallow filming permission to BBC in any of the protected areas for a period of 5 years.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What is the shoot and sight order?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The forest guards were given ―legal immunity‖ in Kaziranga and Corbett to use lethal force to stop poaching.</li>
<li>Shoot-at-sight does not mean forest guards can gun down anyone they spot inside the forest.</li>
<li>It means that they are empowered to open fire if they cannot satisfactorily establish the identity or purpose of an intruder.</li>
<li>A protection force is in any case entitled to retaliate if attacked. The distinction here is that the guards are allowed to shoot as a pre-emptive move before they are shot at.</li>
<li>Poachers in KNP are known to carry Kalashnikov assault rifles.</li>
<li>Forest guards with their usual .303s have a slim chance without a first-mover advantage.</li>
<li>Kaziranga does not has any village inside.</li>
<li>Therefore, there is no question of villagers entering or leaving the park at unusual hours.</li>
<li>That makes anyone who is spotted a suspect.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>How effective is the shoot and sight order?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>There is no denying that firepower is required to take on heavily-armed poachers.</li>
<li>But there is a question about its effectiveness and guard‘s responsible use of power.</li>
<li><b>Abuse</b> - The guards allegedly settled personal scores in the name of anti-poaching operations.</li>
<li>They even colluded with the poaching syndicates.</li>
<li>The park authorities were accused of harassing local villagers while shielding political bigwigs.</li>
<li><b>Effectiveness</b> - The guns also worked only as a limited and temporary deterrent to poaching.</li>
<li>Even after hundreds of poachers were killed in Kruger, South Africa, around 500 instances of rhino poaching were reported every year.</li>
<li>In Kaziranga, forest guards shot dead 45 poachers over 2014 & 2015, yet at least 44 rhinos were poached in the park during the same period.</li>
<li>Reliance on guns tends to shift focus from intelligence-based anti-poaching drives.</li>
<li><b>Local Community</b> - Guns alienate local stakeholders whose support is crucial for any conservation effort to succeed in the long term.</li>
<li>Instead, disempowered, persecuted and impoverished locals become easy recruits for syndicates.</li>
<li>Sharing the economic benefits of conservation with local communities will not immediately sever the lifelines of poaching syndicates.</li>
<li>Yet it is more important to include them as it is more about recognising their rights and dignity. Over time, the collective stake of these communities can grow to work as an effective deterrent.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>2.14 NO-FLY LIST</b> </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What is the issue?</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
RavindraGaikwad, a MP belonging to the Shiv Sena, assaulted a duty manager on an Air India flight.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Following this there was an airline-wide boycott against him.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
It has prompted the civil aviation ministry to consider drawing up an official No-Fly List (NFL) as well as rules specifying the grounds on which airlines can bar people from travelling. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>How important is to address unruly passengers?</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Unruly passenger incidents include violence against crew and other passengers, harassment, verbal abuse, smoking, failure to follow safety instructions, and other forms of riotous behaviour.</li>
<li>It is a serious matter that needs to be dealt with as it has the potential to put at risk the safety of others flying with them.</li>
<li>A survey by International Air Transport Association (IATA) revealed that there was one unruly incident for every 1,205 flights in 2015 and 1/ 1,282 flights in 2014.</li>
<li>The majority were Level 1 incidents i.e they are verbal in nature and can usually be dealt with successfully by crew using de-escalation training.</li>
<li>The survey also that unruly behaviour had increased in the last five years, while physical aggression was one of the top three safety issues that caused concern to cabin crew.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<b>How it is dealt with in India?</b><br />
The Aircraft Rules,1937,spell out course of actions to be taken following disruptive behaviour.<br />
Rules 22 and 23 highlight the parameters under which action can be taken under the jurisdiction of India, andthe crucial role of the pilot-in-command.<br />
The government and Airlines in India are beginning to take some steps to put in place a ―no-fly‖ list. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>How effective is the No-Fly list?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>No-fly lists may come from the airline industry‘s right guaranteed under international aviation law to accept or decline passengers on grounds of flight safety.</li>
<li>The experience in the US, where the list was mobilised after 9/11, has been far from happy because people can be assigned to it without even being informed.</li>
<li>There were no specific guidelines on who can be added in the list. e.g Anything can trigger the ban like an intemperate social media entry.</li>
<li>It also loosened protection of civil rights and gave free reign to social prejudice e.g the bulk of those who end up on the list were Muslims.</li>
<li>US court declared that the method of compiling the no-fly list unconstitutional.</li>
<li>Hence NFL can run into legal hurdles as it mandates public behaviour.</li>
<li>There an informal no-fly list is best left to the airlines‘ discretion.</li>
<li>Like hotels and restaurants, their staff should be skilled at spotting potential troublemakers.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<b>2.15 CENSOR BOARD</b><br />
<br />
<b>Why in news?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The Central Board of Film Certification i.e the ‗Censor Board‘ has turned down a film KaBodyscapes recently.</li>
<li>It has been viewed thrice by the Board. </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What is CBFC?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>CBFC is a statutory body under Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.</li>
<li>It regulates the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952.</li>
<li>Films can be publicly exhibited in India only after they have been certified by CBFC.</li>
<li>The Board consists of non-official members and a Chairman (all of whom are appointed by Central Government) and functions with headquarters at Mumbai.</li>
<li>It has nine Regional offices, one each at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Thiruvananthapuram, Hyderabad, New Delhi, Cuttack and Guwahati.</li>
<li>The Regional Offices are assisted in the examination of films by Advisory Panels.</li>
<li>The members of the panels are nominated by Central Government by drawing people from different walks of life for a period of 2 years.</li>
<li>The Certification process is in accordance with The Cinematograph Act, 1952, The Cinematograph (certification) Rules, 1983, and the guidelines issued by the Central government u/s 5 (B)</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What is the film about?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>It revolves around three characters.</li>
<li>It includes a homosexual couple, of which one happens to be a Muslim and the other is a Hanuman-bhakt who comes from a family of right-wingers.</li>
<li>Third is a feministic woman.</li>
<li>The story is about how they struggle to find space and happiness in a conservative Indian City. </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What are the Board’s objections?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The board is of view that the film is glorifying the subject of gay and homosexual relationship.</li>
<li>They also held that the film is explicit of scene offending Hindu sensibilities depicting vulgarity, nudity and obscenity through the movie.</li>
<li>It also held that the movie might invoke a law and order‘ problem.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Why is the move wrong?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>It is against the freedom of expression</li>
<li>The view that the homosexuality is against culture is unwarranted as many temple sculpture in India celebrates sexual union of every kind.</li>
<li>Moreover, there is no stricture against the depiction of nudity in Hinduism.</li>
<li>Court judgments have categorically rejected the argument of law & order as a criterion banning film.</li>
<li>The Constitution gives an individual the freedom to practice his or her religion.</li>
<li>It does not give the right to be protected from any reference to the religion that may be interpreted as giving offense. All practices are open to scrutiny and no religious immunity‘ is offered.</li>
<li>India is a secular republic and no special rights are accorded to religion. The political rights are due only to individuals not to a whole religion.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What should be done?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The Board‘s authority to effectively ban films should go.</li>
<li>CBFC should only be a film certification body whose scope should be restricted to categorizing the suitability of the film to audience groups on the basis of age and maturity</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>2.16 MORAL POLICING - ANTI-ROMEO SQUADS</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Why in news?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The setting up of ―anti-Romeo squads‖ was one of the election promises in Uttar Pradesh.</li>
<li>What is the purpose of these “squads”?</li>
<li>They were meant to curtail eve-teasing and provide greater security to women.</li>
<li>It is aimed at taking action against boys who are found outside girls‘ colleges, and are involved in eveteasing and molesting girl students</li>
<li>But couples were stopped just for being spotted together, though the squad admittedly had no legal jurisdiction to stop them.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Why it is bad?</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>If the police can‘t tell the difference between molesters and amicable couples, the squads disperse humiliation,extortion and violence on innocent young people in public places. </li>
<li>It violates citizens‘ rights and dignity</li>
<li>It brings back medieval repressions especially at a time when walls between the genders are breaking.</li>
<li>They make it unsafe for women to step out with men of their choice, inhibit families and foist retrograde notions about the sexes meeting.</li>
<li>Earlier accusation love jihad todescribe mixed-religion marriages as was aggression targeted minorities.</li>
<li>It included references to an incident of alleged abduction, gangrape and forced conversion of a Hindu girl to Islam in Kharkhoda area of Meerut.</li>
<li>The current move has expanded hatred towards all young people.</li>
<li>It is also against the concept of minimum government.</li>
</ul>
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<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: magenta;"><a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs">CURRENT AFFAIRS – MARCH 2017</a></span></b></h2>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>PAPER – II </b><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b>1 POLITY</b></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1.1 Hung Assembly -Goa & Manipur</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1.2 Demanding St Status –Narikuravars</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1.3 Vote Tampering in EVMS</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1.4 Electoral Bonds</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1.5 Special Category Status</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1.6 Babri Masjid Issue </b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<b><b><span style="color: blue;">2 GOVERNMENT POLICIES, BILLS AND INTERVENTIONS</span><br />2.1 Maternity Benefit Bill<br />2.2 Mental Healthcare Bill<br />2.3 The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill<br />2.4 Medical Termination Of Pregnancy Act<br />2.5 Inter-State Water Disputes (Amendment) Bill, 2017<br />2.6 Companies Amendment Bill<br />2.7 Draft Trafficking of Persons Bill<br />2.8 National Health Policy 2017<br />2.9 SDMC’s Order<br />2.10 Banning Cow Slaughter<br />2.11 Ban on Liquor Vends<br />2.12 Mandatory Aadhaar<br />2.13 BBC Documentary on Kaziranga Tiger Reserve<br />2.14 NO-FLY List<br />2.15 Censor Board<br />2.16 Moral Policing -Anti-Romeo Squads</b></b><b> </b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>*************************************</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="color: purple;"><b><b>GOVERNMENT POLICIES, BILLS AND INTERVENTIONS</b></b> </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>2.1 MATERNITY BENEFIT BILL<br /><br />Why in news? </b><br />
LokSabha recently passed The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Bill, 2016.<b> </b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What are the salient features of the bill?</b> </div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The bill to amend the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961.</li>
<li>It increases the paid maternity leave for pregnant women working in the organised sector from 12 weeks to 26 weeks. </li>
<li>The 26 weeks of leave will be for the first two pregnancies.</li>
<li>For the third child, it will be of 12 weeks and 6 weeks for the fourt.</li>
<li>It allows 12 weeks of paid maternity leave to mothers who are adopting a child below the age of three months and also to commissioning mothers who opt for surrogacy.</li>
<li>It mandates employers to allow a woman to work from home.</li>
<li>Organisations which employ more than 30 women (or 50 people, whichever is less) will now have to provide a rèche. </li>
<li>The mother is allowed to visit the crèche four times during the day.</li>
</ul>
<b>What are the positives?</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The enhancement of paid maternity leave for women is a progressive step.</li>
<li>India is in third place, only Canada and Norway, in the level of maternity benefits such as paid time off work extended to women.</li>
<li>The amendment is in line with several expert recommendations including that of the World Health Organisation, which recommends exclusive breastfeeding of children for the first 24 weeks.</li>
<li>Giving benefits to adoptive mothers as well as women who get children using embryo transfers signals India is in step with social changes.</li>
</ul>
<b>What are the shortcomings?</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The amended law covers only women in the organised work sector i.e only 1.8 million women, a small subset of women in the workforce.</li>
<li>It ignores roughly 90% of the Indian women who are employed in the unorganised sector i.e shops, small service providers and cottage industries, in households as domestic helps etc.</li>
<li>The only support available to them is a small conditional cash benefit of ₹6,000 during pregnancy and lactation offered under the Maternity Benefit Programme. </li>
<li>The Bill exclude spaternity leave. Therefore the benefit burden may discourage employers to hire women. </li>
<li>Demands for inclusion of a non-discrimination clause in the bill were also made to ensure that no person is discriminated against for having availed any parental benefits. </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What is the present condition of women in India?</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>India lags far behind when it comes to maternal and infant mortality indicators. </li>
<li>Every third woman in the country is undernourished and every second woman is anaemic.</li>
<li>An undernourished woman is most likely to give birth to a low-weight baby.</li>
<li>The UN Millennium Development Goals Report 2014 states that India recorded the highest number of maternal deaths,and accounted for 17% of global deaths due to pregnancy and childbirth-related complications. </li>
<li>The Infant Mortality Rate is 40 per 1,000 live births.</li>
<li>As per UNDP‘s Human Development Report 2015, women clock 297 minutes of unpaid work daily, compared to just 31 minutes for men.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<b>What should be done?</b> </div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The income guarantees during the 26-week period should be ensured through a universal social insurance system. </li>
<li>Such a policy would harmonise the varying maternity benefit provisions found in different laws that govern labour at present. </li>
<li>Paternity leave should be included to stop discrimination against women in recruitment by employers who currently have to factor in benefit payments. </li>
<li>Also the effectiveness of the revised Maternity Benefit Act depends on its proper implementation.<b></b></li>
</ul>
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<b>2.2 MENTAL HEALTHCARE BILL</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Why in news?</b><br />
The Mental Healthcare Bill, 2016 was recently passed by Parliament.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What are the provisions of the bill?</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Definition -It defines ―mental illness‖ as a substantial disorder of thinking, mood, perception, orientation or memory that grossly impairs judgment, behaviour, capacity to recognise reality or ability to meet the ordinary demands of life.</li>
<li>It also includes mental conditions associated with the abuse of alcohol and drugs.</li>
<li>It does not include mental retardation which is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind of a person, characterised by sub-normality of intelligence.</li>
<li>Rights -It ensures every person shall have a right to access mental health care and treatment from mental health services run or funded by the appropriate government. </li>
<li>It assures free treatment for homeless or people Below Poverty Line, even if they do not possess a BPL card.</li>
<li>It ensure right to live with dignity and there shall be no discrimination on any basis including gender, sex, sexual orientation, religion, culture, caste, social or political beliefs, class or disability.</li>
<li>A person with mental illness shall have the right to confidentiality in respect of his mental health.</li>
<li>Advance Directive -A person with mental illness shall have the right to make an advance directive i.e how he wants be treated for the illness & who his nominated representative shall be. </li>
<li>This should be certified by a medical practitioner.</li>
<li>If a mental health professional/ relative/ care-giver do not wish to follow the directive,he can make an application to the Mental Health Board to review the advance directive.</li>
<li>Mental Health Authority-The Bill empowers the government to set-up Mental Health Authority at national and state levels. </li>
<li>Every mental health institute and mental health practitioners will have to be registered with this Authority.</li>
<li>A Mental Health Review Board will be constituted to protect the rights of persons with mental illness and manage advance directives.</li>
<li>Mode of treatment - A medical practitioner shall not be held liable for any unforeseen consequences on following a valid advance directive.</li>
<li>A person with mental illness shall not be subjected to electro-convulsive therapy without the use of muscle relaxants and anaesthesia.</li>
<li>Also, electro-convulsive therapy will not be performed for minors.</li>
<li>Sterilisation will not be performed on such persons.</li>
<li>They shall not be chained under any circumstances.</li>
<li>They shall not be subjected to seclusion or solitary confinement. </li>
<li>Physical restraint may only be used, if necessary.</li>
<li>Suicide -A person who attempts suicide shall be presumed to be suffering from mental illness at that time and will not be punished under IPC. </li>
<li>The government shall have a duty to provide care, treatment and rehabilitation to a person, having severe stress and who attempted to commit suicide, to reduce the risk of recurrence of attempt to commit suicide.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>2.3 THE SURROGACY (REGULATION) BILL</b><br />
<br />
<b>What is Surrogacy?</b><br />
When an another woman carries and gives birth to a child for a couple who want to have a baby but are unable to do so, because of infertility or some other problem, it is called surrogacy. This has been in the grey legal area in India.<br />
<br />
<b>What is the need for the bill?</b><br />
<ul>
<li>In 2002, India became the first country to legalise commercial surrogacy. </li>
<li>By 2012, India had become the ̳surrogacy capital‘ of the world with surrogacy tourism valued at approximately $500 million annually. </li>
<li>Surrogate mothers practice it as a way of earning livelihood and are often abused.</li>
<li>Legal issues also emerge</li>
<li>e.g In 2008, a Japanese couple began the process with a surrogate mother in Gujarat, but before the child was born they split and there were no takers for the child.</li>
<li>In 2012, an Australian couple commissioned a surrogate mother, and arbitrarily chose one of the twins that was born.</li>
<li>So the 228th report of the Law Commission of India recommended prohibiting commercial surrogacy.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What is the aim of the bill?</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>It aims to prevent exploitation of women, especially those in rural and tribal areas.</li>
<li>It prohibits couples who already have biological or adopted children from commissioning babies through surrogacy.</li>
<li>It ensures parentage of children born out of surrogacy is ―legal and transparent.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<b>What are the features of the Bill?</b><br />
<ul>
<li>The bill was introduced in LokSabha in November 2016.</li>
<li>It bans commercial surrogacy.</li>
<li>Commercial surrogacy will result in a jail term of at least 10 years and a fine of up to Rs 10 lakh. </li>
<li>The commissioning couples should be Indians, should have been married for at least five years and should have ̳proven infertility‘ are candidates. </li>
<li>Only a married blood relative to the commission parents can be a surrogate mother. She must have herself borne a child, and should not be a NRI or a foreigner,</li>
<li>Under no circumstances money shall be paid to her, except for medical expenses.</li>
<li>She can be a surrogate only once in her lifetime. </li>
<li>Overseas Indians, foreigners, unmarried couples, single parents, live-in partners and gay couples are barred from commissioning the services of surrogate mothers.</li>
<li>In essence, the Bill limits the practice of surrogacy to heterosexual Indian couples who have been married for five years, have no children, and are able to persuade a relative to become a surrogate altruistically for them. </li>
<li>The Bill will apply to the whole of India, except Jammu and Kashmir.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<b>What are the shortcomings?</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Disqualifying on the basis of nationality, marital status, sexual orientation or age, is against the right to equality.</li>
<li>The right to life includes the right to reproductive and right to parenthood. So the state should not decide the modes of parenthood</li>
<li>Sudden interruption would just push the $400 million industry underground. Thus the very purpose of the bill-to protect surrogate mothers from exploitation would be defeated.</li>
<li>Fertility specialists and attached business would suffer. </li>
<li>Commissioning mothers, who are carrying a child, would be left in a limbo.</li>
<li>Restricting only a blood relative to be a surrogate mother is illogical and unreasonable.</li>
</ul>
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<b>2.4MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY ACT<br /><br />Why in news?</b>The Supreme Court recently declined a woman‟s plea to abort her 26-week-old foetus detected with Down‘s Syndrome.<b><br /><br />What was the court’s rationale?</b><br />
<ul>
<li>It was contended that the congenital abnormality found in the woman‘s foetus and the woman‘s anguish about the future were the reasons for her decision of abortion.</li>
<li>It was also argued that it was the woman‟s constitutional right to terminate her pregnancy.</li>
<li>The court refused permission bycalling the foetus „a life‟.</li>
<li>It cited that the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 places a 20 -week ceiling on termination of pregnancy.</li>
</ul>
<b>What is MTP Act, 1971?</b><br />
<ul>
<li>Abortion in India is legal only up to twenty weeks of pregnancy under specific conditions and situations.</li>
<li>One, the continuance of the pregnancy would involve a risk to the life of the pregnant woman or of grave injury of physical or mental health, or</li>
<li>Two, there is a substantial risk that if the child were born, it would suffer from such physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped.</li>
</ul>
<b>Was the law challenged on any other occasion?</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>On 2015, a 14-year-old rape victim sought and received permission from the Supreme Court to abort after the 20 weeks deadline had passed.</li>
<li>Her petition was treated as a ―special case, meaning it could not be used as a precedent.</li>
<li>On January 2017, the Judges had relaxed the 20-week cap to permit another woman to terminate her 24-week pregnancy.</li>
<li>In that case the foetus was diagnosed with anencephaly a congenital defect in which the baby is born without parts of the brain and skull.</li>
<li>The court had said that the abortion was necessary to preserve the woman‟s life.</li>
<li>In the case of the foetus with Down‘s Syndrome, the court said the foetus posed no danger to the woman‘s life. </li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What the draft MPT bill 2014 provides?</b><br />
<ul>
<li>The draft MTP increased the legal limit for abortion from 20 weeks to 24 weeks.</li>
<li>It provides for abortion beyond 24 weeks under defined conditions.</li>
<li>The Bill amends Section 3 of the 1971 Act to provide that ―the length of pregnancy shall not apply in a decision to abort a foetus diagnosed with ―substantial foetal abnormalities or if it is ―alleged by the pregnant woman to have been caused by rape.</li>
<li>It also takes into account the reality of a massive shortage of both doctors and trained midwives, and seeks to allow Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha practitioners to carry out abortions</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Why is it essential to change the MTP law?</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Foetal abnormalities show up only by 18 weeks,so just a two-week window after that is too small for would-be parents to take the difficult call on whether to keep their baby.</li>
<li>Even for the medical practitioner, this window is too small to exhaust all possible options before advising the patient.</li>
<li>There is an urgentneed to empower women with sexual rights, legal protrction against sex crimes and sex choices both in their own interest and for the sake of reducing the fertility rate as a whole.</li>
<li>The lack of legal approval moves abortion to underground and they are done in unhygienic conditions by untrained proffessionals.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<b>2.5 INTER-STATE WATER DISPUTES(AMENDMENT) BILL, 2017</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Why in news?</b><br />
The Inter-State River Water Disputes (Amendment) Bill, 2017 was introduced in the LokSabha.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>What are the problems in present set-up?</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>With increasing demand for water, inter-state river water disputes are on the rise.</li>
<li>The present Inter State River Water Dispute Act, 1956 that provides the legal framework to address such disputes has many drawbacks.</li>
<li>Under the present Act, a separate Tribunal has to be established for each dispute.</li>
<li>There are eight inter-state water dispute tribunals, including the Ravi and Beas Waters Tribunal and Krishna River Water Dispute Tribunal. But only three of the eight tribunals have actually given awards accepted by the states. </li>
<li>There is no time limit for adjudication or publication of reports.</li>
<li>Tribunals like those on the Cauvery and Ravi Beas have been in existence for over 26 and 30 years respectively without any award.</li>
<li>There is no upper age limit for the chairman or the members. </li>
</ul>
<b>What are the proposals of the new bill?</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The bill proposes a single standing tribunal with multiple benches instead of multiple tribunals that exist at present.</li>
<li>The total time period for adjudication of dispute has been fixed at maximum of 4.5 years.</li>
<li>The decision of the Tribunal shall be final and binding with no requirement of publication in the official gazette</li>
<li>As per the proposed bill, the Tribunal shall have one chairperson, one vice-chairperson and not more than six other members.</li>
<li>It limits the tenure of the chairperson to five years or till attain the age of 70, whichever is earlier.</li>
<li>It also proposes to introduce mechanisms to resolve disputes by negotiations through a Dispute </li>
<li>Resolution Committee (DRC) before a dispute is referred to the tribunal</li>
<li>DRC to be established by the central government consisting of experts.</li>
<li>It also provides for a transparent data collection system at the national level for each river basin.</li>
<li>It calls for the appointment of assessors to provide technical support to the tribunal. </li>
</ul>
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<br />
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: magenta;"><a href="http://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs">CURRENT AFFAIRS – MARCH 2017</a></span></b></h2>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>PAPER – II </b></div>
<br />
<b>1 POLITY</b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1.1 Hung Assembly -Goa & Manipur</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1.2 Demanding St Status –Narikuravars</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1.3 Vote Tampering in EVMS</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1.4 Electoral Bonds</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1.5 Special Category Status</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1.6 Babri Masjid Issue</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta;">GS PAPER II </span></h2>
<b>1. POLITY</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>1.1 HUNG ASSEMBLY - GOA & MANIPUR</b><br />
<br />
<b>Why in news?</b><br />
<br />
Governor of Goa ignored the established principle of inviting the single largest party and appointed BJP leader Manohar Parrikar as the Chief Minister.<br />
<br />
<b>What is the situation?</b><br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The Congress has won 17 seats in Goa and the BJP has 13 MLAs in a House of 40. </li>
<li>The Governor did not consult the single largest party and invited BJP, who formed an alliance, to form the government.</li>
<li>A similar situation has developed in Manipur.</li>
<li>Its Governor invited the BJP and allies to form the government, which won fewer seats than the Congress.</li>
<li>These parties did not fight the election as part of a coalition.</li>
<li>So the Congress should have been invited first.</li>
<li>The BJP‘s claim should have been considered only if the Congress pleaded inability or failed the floor test.</li>
<li>It should not be based on who forms the alliance faster.</li>
<li>Speed cannot be the overriding or pressing consideration for the governor while assessing a party‘s claim to form government.</li>
<li>Therefore decisions by both the Governors reflect partisanship.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<div>
<b>What are Sarkaria Commission recommendations?</b></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The Constitution of India does not mandate any procedure to be followed by the Governor, in case of hung assembly.</div>
<div>
The convention of inviting the single largest party in such a case has been outlined by the Sarkaria Commission, which studied Centre-state relations in the 1980s. </div>
<div>
It specifically dealt with the situation where no single party obtained absolute majority. </div>
<div>
It provided the order of preference the Governor should follow in selecting a CM in such a situation –</div>
<div>
1.An alliance of parties that was formed prior to the elections. </div>
<div>
2.The single largest party staking a claim to form the government with the support of others, including independents. </div>
<div>
3. A post-electoral coalition of parties, with all the partners in the coalition joining the government. </div>
<div>
4. A post - electoral alliance of parties, with some of the parties in the alliance forming a government and the remaining parties, including independents, supporting the government from outside.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
They were affirmed by a Constitution Bench of the SC in Rameshwar Prasad v Union of India in 2005.</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
<b>What are Punchhi Commission recommendations?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The Justice M.M. Punchhi Commission on Centre-State Relations in 2010 laid down some guidelines to be followed in the appointment of a chief minister by a governor. </li>
<li>It also said the governor should invite the leader of ―a pre-poll alliance commanding the largest number or the ―largest single party‖ to form the government in case no party or pre-poll coalition has a clear majority. </li>
<li>According to Bommai judgment, such a CM must prove the majority on the floor of the assembly.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<b>What was SC’s ruling?</b></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Congress filed a petition challenged the Governor‘s decision in the Supreme Court.</li>
<li>SC asked the BJP government in Goa to prove its majority within 48 hours, instead of the 15 days‘ time given by the Governor. </li>
<li>But it was a half-measure. </li>
<li>It should have upheld the principle of inviting the single largest party first.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta;">1.2 DEMANDING ST STATUS – NARIKURAVARS</span></h2>
<div>
<b>What is the issue?</b></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The Constitution ensures certain protection and benefits for communities deemed as having Scheduled Tribe (ST) status. </li>
<li>Social and political mobilisation has led to the increase of number of STs 225 in 1960 to 700 today.</li>
<li>As the number of communities demanding ST status expands, it brings the criteria of the recognition and the legitimacy of the process under scrutiny.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>What does the constitution say?</b></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The Constitution only states that STs are specified by the President after consultation with the Governor.</li>
<li>It does not define or specify a particular criterion.</li>
<li>According to the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, the criterion includes </li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
1.Indication of ―primitive traits, </div>
<div>
2.Distinctive culture, </div>
<div>
3.Geographical isolation, </div>
<div>
4.―Shyness of connect with the community at large &</div>
<div>
5.―Backwardness</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
<b>Who are Narikuravars?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Many communities try to prove themselves as meeting the criteria, to avail of the benefits of being accorded ST status.</li>
<li>One such group is Narikuravar. </li>
<li>They are a semi-nomadictribe, originating in Northern India before migrating south to TamilNadu.</li>
<li>They share religious, cultural, and political characteristics of the Roma groups in Europe</li>
<li>Traditionally hunters, they were mostly providing security for kings.</li>
<li>However, once invaders took over they became nomadic and retreated into forests, where they preserved their traditions. </li>
<li>When hunting became illegal, they startedliving at the margins of the society in dire poverty, making and selling small ornaments.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<b>What is their present socio-economic status?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>It has high levels of illiteracy, multiple health challenges, and unemployment. </li>
<li>Currently, there are about 8,500 Narikuravar families in Tamil Nadu i.e less than 1% of their population.</li>
<li>The government classifies them as a Most Backward Class community.</li>
<li>Such a classification leads to the assumption that they have a higher chance of being above the poverty line than communities recognised as STs.</li>
<li>Due to this classification, they have been competing for access to government benefits with nineteen other larger communities with higher socio-economic status. </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
<b>Do they satisfy the criteria for STs?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Their nomadism across rural and urban areas is against the criteria of “geographical isolation”. </li>
<li>Narikuravar sell their products to the community at large. So they might not display “shyness of connect‟. </li>
<li>But since these criteria are not explicit, it is difficult for the community to formulate clear political demands. </li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>What does it signify?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The betterment of obviously disadvantaged groups like Narikuravar rests on discretionary political acts. </li>
<li>This is because there is no well-developed, transparent criterion and a clear definition of what makes groups eligible for ST status.</li>
<li>Such criteria with specific economic and social data should be developed.</li>
<li>It can help compare communities requesting ST status with other STs and to the Indian population at large.</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<div>
<b>1.3 VOTE TAMPERING IN EVMS</b></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<b>Why in news?</b></div>
<div>
BahujanSamaj Party (BSP) chief Mayawati decided to move court against the alleged tampering of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs).</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
<b>Why EVMs can’t be tampered?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Connectivity - Indian EVMs are not connected to the internet, so hackers cannot tamper with Indian EVMs.</li>
<li>Scale - The BBC report that an American had hacked Indian EVMs is false. The American opened one EVM, changed some parts, and hacked the new parts he had put in the machine. It is impossible to access hundreds of thousands of EVMs in India. </li>
<li>Security - They are also guarded by troops and by representatives of all political parties as well.</li>
<li>Sequence – It isn't possible to programme the EVM at the manufacturing stage to record all votes for one candidate. Nobody knows what order the candidates or parties will be listed on the EVM till after the last date of withdrawing nomination papers. That means the order of buttons is known for about two week. It would be far too little time to manipulate the buttons. </li>
<li>Specific EVMs are assigned to constituencies in a randomized matter pretty late in the day, and in the presence of representatives of all parties.</li>
<li>Ballot paper-based voting is subject to much more fiddling and manipulation. A party can capture polling booths and stamp all the ballot papers in their favour. </li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>What can be done?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Election Commission has devised EVMs with a paper trail called Voter-verifiable paper audit trail (VVPAT).</li>
<li>In this a voter immediately gets a printout of her vote, which is then deposited in the ballot box. So, every voter can see whether her vote has been registered correctly.</li>
<li>This can be used to recheck in case of controversy.</li>
<li>This can be used to mitigate the suspicions. </li>
</ul>
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<div>
<b><br /></b>
<b>1.4 ELECTORAL BONDS</b></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<b>Why in news?</b></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
Electoral Bonds have been proposed as a way of reforming election funding in the Union Budget 2017.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>What is an Electoral Bond?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Electoral bonds will be issued by a notified bank for specified denominations.</li>
<li>Those who want to donate to a political party can buy these bonds by making payments digitally or through cheque.</li>
<li>Then they are free to gift the bond to any registered political party. </li>
<li>The bonds will likely be bearer bonds & the identity the donor will not be known to the receiver.</li>
<li>The party can convert these bonds back into money via their bank accounts. </li>
<li>The bank account used must be the one notified to the Election Commission and the bonds may have to be redeemed within a prescribed time period.</li>
<li>The issuing bank will remain custodian of donor‘s funds until political party redeems the bond. </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<b>Why is it important?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Most political parties use the negligent regime on donations to accept cash donations from anonymous sources.</li>
<li>Nearly 70% of the ₹11,300 crore in party funding over the past 11-year period came from unknown sources.</li>
<li>Currently, political parties are required to report any donation of over ₹20,000 to the IT department. </li>
<li>But there has been a trend of more donations flowing by way of hard cash in smaller amounts. </li>
<li>To fix this, the Budget has proposed to reduce the disclosure limit to ₹2,000 and insists that any amount over this must be paid through cheque or the digital mode. </li>
<li>The idea is that electoral bonds will prompt donors to take the banking route to donate, with their identity captured by the issuing authority.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>What are the problems in electoral bond?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>While the identity of the donor is captured, it is not revealed to the party or public. So transparency is not enhanced for the voter.</li>
<li>Also income tax breaks may not be available for donations through electoral bonds. </li>
<li>This pushes the donor to choose between remaining anonymous and saving on taxes.</li>
<li>Also privacy of the donor is compromised as the bank will know their identity.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: magenta;">1.5 SPECIAL CATEGORY STATUS</span></b></div>
<div>
<b>What is the issue?</b></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
Manipur is about to lose the special status on the basis of the Fourteenth Finance Commission recommendations.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>What is Special Category Status?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The Constitution does not include any provision for categorisation of any State in India as a Special Category Status (SCS) State.</li>
<li>SCS was introduced by Fifth Finance Commission in 1969. </li>
<li>It provides for additional Central assistance and tax concessions.</li>
<li>What kind of assistance do SCS States receive?</li>
<li> Following the constitution of the NITI Aayog and the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission (FFC), Central plan assistance to SCS States has been subsumed in an increased devolution of the divisible pool to all States.</li>
<li>They enjoy concessions in excise and customs duties and income tax rates.</li>
<li> Besides, assistance to Centrally Sponsored Schemes for SCS States was given with 90% Central share and 10% State share.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<div>
<b>Why A.P. claimed for SCS status recently?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Following the bifurcation of A.P., Andhra lost a large volume of its revenue due to Hyderabad remaining the capital of Telangana.</li>
<li>In a 2014, the then Prime Minister of India had said that SCS would be extended to the successor State of Andhra Pradesh for a period of five years.</li>
<li>This oral submission has been the basis for A.P.‘s claim to the status.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>What has been the Centre’s response to A.P.?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>A.P. does not qualify as a Special Category State. It has neither geographical disadvantages nor historical disadvantages such as socio-economic and infrastructural backwardness. </li>
<li>Hence offering it the SCS would give impetus to every other state to demand for the same.</li>
<li>Instead,Centre announced a package to grant special assistance to Andhra Pradesh.</li>
<li>Here an amount equivalent to what the state might have got as a special category state will be compensated by Centre through externally aided projec ts for five years.</li>
<li>The special package offered meets most of the reasonable expectations of a State struggling to recover from bifurcation and dealing with the imminent loss of the capital city and its revenues.</li>
<li>It included Polavaram irrigation project declared a national project i.e Centre would meet the financial needs.</li>
<li>Also, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) would issue two specific notifications on tax concessions being extended to A.P.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<b>What does it mean for Manipur?</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Loss of special category status would mean that Manipur would no more get the 90% Central grants assistance.</li>
<li>It would now get only 30% Central grant and the remaining has to be either arranged by itself or taken as loan from the Centre.</li>
<li>Chief Minister of Manipur acknowledged the hit on state‘s finances due to restructuring of central assistance to the state.</li>
<li>Even though higher devolution of taxes was positive for the state‘s finances, it was not enough to meet the state‘s Plan revenue expenditure.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: left;"></b><br />
<div style="display: inline !important; text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: left;"><b>1.6 BABRI MASJID ISSUE</b></b></div>
<b style="text-align: left;">
</b></div>
</h2>
<div>
<b>Why in news?</b></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Chief Justice of India said the Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid title suits were a matter of sentiments and religion‘ that were best resolved amicably, preferably without intervention by the courts.</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
<b>What the CJI has said?</b></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>In 2010, the Lucknow Bench of the Allahabad High Court directed that the site occupied by the Babri Masjid before its demolition should be divided three ways equally among Muslims, Hindus and Nirmohi Akharagroup of Hindu Sadhus.</li>
<li>Recently a three-judge bench heard a petition by a BJP MP challenging the 2010 ruling to split the disputed land. </li>
<li>The Supreme Court suggested an out-of-court settlement since it‘s a matter of religion and sentiments.</li>
<li>CJI said the court will ask any person to mediate who is acceptable to all sides.</li>
<li>However, at least 5 earlier attempts at resolving the decades-old quarrel through negotiations have not been successful.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>What’s the dispute?</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>It is about a plot measuring 2.77 acres in Ayodhya that houses the Babri mosque and Ram Janmabhoomi.</li>
<li>This land is considered sacred among Hindus as believed the birthplace of Lord Ram.</li>
<li>Muslims argue that the land houses Babri mosque, where they had offered prayers for years before the dispute erupted.</li>
<li></li>
<li>The controversy is over whether the Babri mosque was built on top of a Ram temple after demolishing or modifying it in the 16th century.</li>
<li>Muslims, on the other hand, say the mosque was built by Mir Baqi in 1528 and that Hindus took control over it in 1949, when some people placed idols of Lord Ram inside the mosque.</li>
</ul>
<b>What are some of the important incidents happened?</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;"></ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>In 1853, he first recorded incident of violence over the holy site takes place during the reign of NawabWajid Ali Shah of Awadh.</li>
<li>In 1984, Hindu groups form a committee to spearhead the construction of the Ram temple at the Janmabhoomi site.</li>
<li>In 1990, Volunteers of the VHP partially damage the mosque.</li>
<li>The then PM intervenes and tries to resolve the issue through negotiations, but these fail.</li>
<li>On 6 December 1992,a large crowd of Hindu karsevaks (volunteers) demolished the 16th-century Babri Mosque in the city of Ayodhya. The demolition occurred after a political rally at the site turned violent.</li>
<li>This leads to some of the most deadliest riots across the country, leading to the deaths of more than 2,000 people.</li>
<li>On 6 December 1992,a large crowd of Hindu karsevaks (volunteers) demolished the 16th-century Babri Mosque in the city of Ayodhya. The demolition occurred after a political rally at the site turned violent.</li>
<li>This leads to some of the most deadliest riots across the country, leading to the deaths of more than 2,000 people.The central government, headed by P V NarasimhaRao, sets up a commission of enquiry under Justice M S Liberhan on December 16.</li>
<li>The High Court orders the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to excavate the site to determine if it was earlier a temple.</li>
<li>The ASI begins the survey to determine whether a temple existed on the site.</li>
<li>It finds evidence of the presence of a temple under the mosque. Muslim organisations dispute the findings.</li>
<li>In 2010, the Allahabad High Court pronounces its judgment on the four title suits relating to the dispute and said that the disputed land be divided into three parts equally.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
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SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-63245516915416866632009-05-19T02:05:00.000-07:002009-05-19T02:07:22.183-07:00sociology key d seriesSOCIOLOGY –BOOKLET D<br /><br /><br />1) D 21) C 41) A 61) C 81) D 101) A<br /><br />2) B 22) B 42) C 62) D 82) B 102) C<br /><br />3) C 23) A 43) D 63) D 83) A 103) B<br /><br />4) B 24) B 44) B 64) A 84) D 104) D<br /><br />5) C 25) A 45) A 65) D 85) D 105) C<br /><br />6) B 26) D 46) C 66) D 86) D 106) D<br /><br />7) B 27) A 47) D 67) A 87) C 107) B<br /><br />8) B 28) C 48) A 68) B 88) - 108) D<br /><br />9) C 29) C 49) A 69) D 89) C 109) C<br /><br />10) D 30) D 50) C 70) D 90) B 110) A<br /><br />11) D 31) C 51) A 71) D 91) A 111) D<br /><br />12) D 32) B 52) B 72) A 92) B 112) A<br /><br />13) C 33) B 53) D 73) D 93) C 113) D<br /><br />14) A 34) B 54) D 74) B 94) A 114) A<br /><br />15) B 35) D 55) C 75) A 95) A 115) C<br /><br />16) B 36) B 56) B 76) A 96) C 116) B<br /><br />17) A 37) B 57) A 77) A 97) B 117) C<br /><br />18) D 38) D 58) A 78) A 98) C 118) D<br /><br />19) B 39) C 59) B 79) C 99) A 119) C<br /><br />20) A 40) B 60) D 80) B 100) C 120) ASHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-23007429493041238592009-05-19T02:03:00.001-07:002009-05-19T02:04:56.156-07:00socilogy key c seriesSOCIOLOGY –BOOKLET C <br />1) D 21) A 41) C 61) B 81) C 101) C <br />2) D 22) D 42) A 62) D 82) D 102) C<br />3) A 23) A 43) B 63) B 83) B 103) D<br />4) D 24) D 44) B 64) B 84) A 104) C<br />5) D 25) A 45) A 65) C 85) C 105) B<br />6) A 26) C 46) D 66) B 86) D 106) B<br />7) B 27) B 47) B 67) A 87) A 107) C<br />8) D 28) C 48) A 68) A 88) A 108) -<br />9) D 29) D 49) B 69) B 89) C 109) C<br />10) D 30) C 50) C 70) D 90) A 110) B<br />11) A 31) A 51) A 71) D 91) B 111) A<br />12) D 32) C 52) C 72) B 92) D 112) B<br />13) B 33) C 53) A 73) A 93) D 113) C<br />14) A 34) B 54) C 74) D 94) C 114) A<br />15) A 35) B 55) B 75) D 95) B 115) A<br />16) A 36) B 56) D 76) D 96) A 116) C<br />17) A 37) C 57) C 77) D 97) B 117) D<br />18) C 38) D 58) D 78) C 98) A 118) B<br />19) B 39) D 59) B 79) B 99) D 119) C<br />20) C 40) D 60) D 80) A 100) A 120) BSHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-33215144140847590862009-05-12T05:58:00.000-07:002009-05-12T06:11:55.784-07:00G.S Full Test 3 - Key1.C, 2.A, 3.D, 4.D, 5.A, 6D, 7.D, 8.A, 9.C, 10.D, 11.C, 12.B, 13.C, 14-, 15.C, 16.D, 17.A, 18.B, 19.D, 20.C, 21.B, 22.C, 23.D, 24.C, 25-, 26.D, 27.B, 28.A, 29.B, 30.A, 31.D, 32.A, 33.A, 34.B, 35.A, 37.C, 38.A, 39.C, 40.A, 41.A, 42.D, 43.C, 44.C, 45.B, 46.D, 47.C, 48.C, 49.A, 50.C, 51.D, 52.A, 53.A, 54.D, 55.B, 56.C, 57.B, 58.B, 59.D, 60.B, 61.B, 62.A, 63.B, 64.D, 65.B, 66.A, 67.A, 68.A, 69.D, 70.D, 71.A, 72.A, 73.B, 74.A, 75.D, 76.A, 77.D, 78.A, 79.C, 80.B, 81.D, 82.C, 83.A, 84.B, 85.B, 86.C, 87.B, 88.D, 89.A, 90.D, 91.C, 92.C, 93.A, 94.B, 95.C, 96.B, 97.C, 98.D, 99.B, 100.C, 101.D, 102.B, 103.D, 104.D, 105.D, 106.A, 107.C, 108.C, 109.D, 110.D, 111.D, 112.D, 113.B, 114.C, 115.D, 116.B, 117.D, 118.B, 119.C, 120.B, 121.A, 122.B, 123.B, 124.C, 125.D, 126.A, 127.D, 128.A, 129.C, 130.B, 131.A, 132.B, 133.C, 134.B, 135.B, 136.B, 137.B, 138.D, 139.B, 140.D, 141.C, 142.B, 143.D, 144.D, 145.A, 146-, 147.C, 148.A, 149.A, 150.BSHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7286388836103906272.post-70969065207432891852009-05-12T00:12:00.000-07:002009-05-12T00:21:54.880-07:00GEOGRAPHY THIRD FULL TEST - KEY1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. D<br />15. D 16. A 17. A 18.C 19. C 20. D 21. C 22. B 23.D 24. A 25.C 26.C 27.C 28.C 29.B 30.B<br />31.B 32.A 33.A 34.A 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.B 39.A 40.C 41.D 42.B 43.D 44.D 45.A 46.A 47.C<br />48.D 49.B 50.A 51.A 52.A 53.D 54.D 55.D 56.C 57.B 58.D 59.B 60.C 61.A 62.D 63.D 64.C<br />65.B 66.B 67.B 68.C 69.A 70.C 71.B 72.D 73.C 74.A 75.A 76.C 77.B 78.C 79.A 80.C 81.C 82.A<br />83.B 84.C 85.D 86.D 87.B 88.B 89.A 90.A 91.B 92.B 93.D 94.B 95.C 96.A 97.B 98.B 99.A 100.B<br />101.C 102.D 103.C 104.C 105.A 106.A 107.D 108.A 109.A 110.A 111.A 112.A 113.A 114.D 115.D<br />116.B 117.A 118.D 119.C 120.CSHANKAR IAS ACADEMYhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12250248525228526674noreply@blogger.com0